674 
INDEXi 
Virginia, 309; and mineral waters in Orleans county, 436. 
Springs, catalogue of mineral, 315 ; influence of woods upon, 
260; temperature of, 308, 313 ; rising along lines of frac¬ 
ture, 309 ; water and, 445. 
Steuben county, rocks of, surface, etc. 480; facilities of 
communication, 481. 
Stokes on the Orthocerata, 21. 
St. Lawrence river, 335. 
St. Louis, limestone at, 500. 
Stratified clay, 344. 
Streams, wearing power of, 371; outlets closed during 
storms, 355, 358. 
Striated, grooved and polished rocks, 325. 
Striated surfaces, 318, 322, 324 - 7, 331. 
Strombodes, 209. 
Strontian, sulphate, 86, 98, 131, 134, 460. 
Strophomena, 28, 29, 30, 72, 77, 104, 171, 175, ISO, 200, 
222, 255, 266, 276, 461, 467, 472, 481, 483, 486. 
Succession of rocks along Niagara river, 387. 
Sulphate of lime, 477. 
Sulphur, native, 99, 312. 
Sulphur springs, 417, 470, 491; of Avon, 313. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen, 99, 427; springs, 311. 
Sulphuric acid springs, 134, 136. 
Superficial detritus, 318; origin and mode of formation, 318; 
of older rocks diminishes to the southward, 319; princi¬ 
pally composed of the strata occupying the district, 320; 
sections illustrating the character and position of, 322, 
323 ; evidence of several periods of deposition, 324; 
modern, 342; section showing the position of, 345. 
Surface markings of Medina sandstone, 50. 
Survey of Canal rocks (Eaton’s) quoted, 5. 
Sutures, 131. 
Synclinal axis of the Wabash valley, 513. 
Syringopora, 160. 
T. 
Table of observations showing the present position of Niagara 
falls, 404. 
Tables of elevation, areas, etc. of the lakes of New-York, 
411 - 413. 
Tabular arrangement of the rocks of the New-York system, 
17. 
Table rock, 399. 
Taconic system, 17. 
Tellina, 196. 
Tentaculites, 72, 142, 172, 180, 222, 256. 
Tentaculite limestone, 141. 
Termination of the great limestone formations of New-York, 
175; of the shales of the Hamilton group, 188, 212. 
Terrace produced by subsiding water, 352 ; along Lake Erie, 
351 ; at Lewiston, 441 ; near Black-Rock, 397; in the 
valley of Chautauque lake, 496. 
Terraces, 88; with freshwater shells, 396; formed by de¬ 
nudation, 385. 
Terraced hills, 352. 
Terrene vegetation, no evidence of it in the lower rocks, 254. 
Tertiary, 19; and New Red sandstone, 317. 
Testacea in marl beds, 361. 
Third great division of New-York rocks, 25. 
Tiarella, 451. 
Tide waters at Albany, 410. 
Timber, 100, 137, 240, 344, 346, 416, 461, 474, 489, 492. 
Tioga, Pennsylvania, rocks at, 482. 
Tompkins county, rocks of, etc. 475. 
Topographical features of the Fourth district, 13; change 
in, due to change in the nature of the strata, 14. 
Topography of Monroe county, 422 ; of Orleans county, 433 ; 
Niagara county, 440; Erie county, 470 ; Chemung county, 
479 ; Steuben county, 480; Chautauque county, 493. 
Trap dykes, 295. 
Transition of Werner, 20. 
Trenton limestone, 29. 
Trigonometrical survey of Niagara falls, 402. 
Trillium, 451. 
Trilobites the first created animals possessing highly de¬ 
veloped locomotive powers, 10, 418. 
Troost, Dr. G., survey of Tennessee, 23. 
Tufa, 99, 359, 360, 427, 428, 446, 453, 463, 484, 490, 491. 
Tully limestone, general characters, 212 ; concretionary 
structure, 214; localities and thickness of, 214; mineral 
contents, 214; organic remains, 215; local details, 452, 
457, 458, 473, 476. 
Turbo, 198. 
11 . 
Undulations, 92, 123, 213, 298. 
Ungulina, 243. 
Unio, 396. 
Uplifts, 295-297, 328. 
Upper limestone of Clinton group, 65. 
Upper Pentamerus limestone, 195. 
Utica slate, 504; and associated beds of limestone, 29. 
V. 
Valleys, 15, 187, 225, 252, 459, 489; of drainage and ero¬ 
sion, 405. 
Valleys of Ontario, St. Lawrence and Champlain, 317 ; of 
Seneca, Cayuga, Crooked and Canandaigua lakes, 321; 
in Cattaraugus county, 489 ; in Chautauque county, 496. 
Valley of the Genesee river, 344. 
Valvata, 361, 396. 
Van Campen’s creek, sandstone on, 486. 
Vandemark’s creek, rocks of, 486. 
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, his patronage of science, 5. 
Vanuxem, Prof. L., geological survey of South-Carolina, 23 ; 
on the identity of western rocks with those of New-York, 
500. 
Variegated marble of Lockport, 448. 
Variegated sandstone, 34. 
Vegetable remains, 239, 275, 452, 480. 
Verneuil and Murchison, investigations in Russia, 21. 
Vertical cleavage, see Joints. 
