INDEX. 
075 
w. 
Wad, or earthy oxide of manganese, 260, 491. 
Water, freezing, its action in deepening new channels, 375 ; 
acid, 464. 
Water, quantity flowing in the Niagara river, 400 ; quantity 
taken therefrom for the canals, 401; transporting power 
of, 335: larger area accompanied with more uniform 
temperature, 335; and springs, 126, 445; mineral, 436. 
Water-courses, direction of, 15. 
Waterfalls, 377. 
Water lime, or hydraulic cement, 142. 
Water-lime group, general characters of, 141 ; linear cavities 
from the solution of crystals, 142 ; organic remains, 142. 
Wave-lines in Medina sandstone, 54, 55; on recent beaches, 
56. 
Waverley sandstone of Ohio, 229 ; equivalent to the Portage 
group, 501. 
Wayne county, rocks of, etc. 414, 415. 
Wearing action of falls and streams, 371, 394. 
Wedge-form layers of limestone, 81, 85, 167, 212. 
Wellsville, rocks at, 486 ; sandstone and conglomerate south 
of, 487. 
Wenlock formation of England, 144, 152. 
Wheat lands, 240, 261. 
Whirlpool on the Niagara river, 99 ; ravine extending from, 
388, 389 ; shells at, 403. 
Whittlesey, Mr., report on the topography and geology of 
Ohio, 23. 
Winds, their effects on lake levels, 410. 
Wolcott ore bed, 61. 
Wolf creek, gorge of, 374. 
Wood and shells in clays and sands of Lake Ontario, 317. 
V. 
Yates county, rocks of, etc. 458, 
