XXVI 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Origin of trap. Ancient lava under the sea... 283 
Serpentine rocks classed with trappean, but different associations .... .. 283 
Extent in New-York. Height of, on Staten island... 283 
These rocks that are associated with primary, described with them. 284 
Minereal characters and contained minerals. 284 
Geological epoch of this formation probably that of the greensand and marl . 284 
3. Red-sandstone division. 285 
Extent of this rock from New-York to North-Carolina. 285 
On Staten island. 285 
General description of, in Rockland county . 285 
Useful varieties. 285 
Red and grey conglomerate, and quarries of. 286 
Red sandstone or freestone. 287 
Red marl and localities, ^ 
Compact grey limestone, > Most recent of Red-sandstone formation.. 288 
Red conglomerate limestone, ^ 
. Strata of Highlands elevated before Red-sandstone epoch, after Taghkanic system, 
and before New-York system. 288 
Position of these last in regard to older limestone.288 
Fossil remains. 289 
Considerations on the causes of this formation.289 
Prof. Rodgers’s views. Southern river. 289 
Materials from southeast on the crumbling primary belt washed to northwest 
by set of current. 290 
Agree in main with Prof R, but ascribe the phenomena to a more general cause, to 
equatorial and polar currents... 292 
Explanations. 292 
Application of same principles to Connecticut valley...293 
Geological age of red-sandstone. 293 
More recent than coal. 293 
Older than Long island and New-Jersey marls, etc. 293 
Fishes such as belong to New red-sandstone...293 
Minute characters and zoological characters. 294 
Fish, bird tracks, etc. 294 
All conspire to show it the New red-sandstone. 294 
CHAPTER V. 
COAL FORMATION...295 
Scarcely found in New-York. 295 
Some conglomerate and grits on the Catskills. 295 
Causes of the Coal and subjacent strata down to the Primary...295 
