TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
xii 
Page. 
Extent and uses. 17 
Localities on Long, Staten and New-York islands and the coast. 18 
Along the Hudson river..... 19 
Uses of peat of salt marshes. 19 
a. Encroachments of the sea . 19 
East end of Long island; Gardner’s and Plum islands; Gull island, Oyster-pond 
point; Coney island. 20 
Staten island. Hog island, Oak neck, Fox island, Martinecock’s, Peacock, Sand’s 
and Kidd’s points. Barker’s and Hewlet’s points, &c. 21, 23 
Marine alluvial detritus . 24 
Causes of transportation and deposition. 24 
Beaches, shoals and spits, and local details in Suffolk county. 25 
Lloyd’s neck. 25 
Long-beach. 26 
Cold spring harbor. 26 
Huntington harbor. 26 
Eaton’s neck. 26 
Crab meadows. 27 
Fresh-pond creek. 27 
Sunken meadows. 27 
Flax pond. 27 
Drowned-meadow harbor. 27 
Stony-brook harbor. 27 
Setauket harbor.. 27 
Smithtown harbor. 27 
Oldman’s harbor. 27 
Beaches in Q,ueens, Kings and Richmond counties... 27 
Middle island. Oak neck. Fox island. 27 
Martinecock and Sand’s points.... 27 
Coldspring and Hempstead harbors. 28 
Plandome bay, Staten island. 28 
Great South beach of Long island. 28 
Extent, inlets, and causes of formation. 28 
Local changes of position of inlets. 29 
Cause of the formation of the Great south beach. 30 
Sand-dunes, and cause of their formation. 30 
Lands buried and uncovered... 31 
Contour of sand-dunes. 31 
Trees buried. 31 
Progressive movement of the sand. 31 
How it may be arrested. 31 
Land-slides, causes. 32 
