106 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
to the experiments of Prof. Daubeny, of Oxford, now on a visit to this country, who kindly 
furnished me the results, of 89.4 parts of nitrogen and 10.6 parts of oxygen in the hundred. 
This is equal to nearly fifty parts atmospheric air, and fifty parts pure nitrogen, in the hun¬ 
dred. Prof. Daubeny could not detect any carbonic acid in the gaseous matter given out by 
this spring. 
“ So large is the quantity of water at the Lebanon springs, that advantage has been taken 
of it, and of the elevation of the ground, not only to supply all the baths, but to turn two or 
three mills erected within a short distance; these mills are kept in action during the severity 
of the winter.”* 
The water issues from the bottom of the gravel beds of the drift, at or near the junction of 
the limestone with a talcy slate of the Taconic division of rocks. The limestone itself is 
talcose beween its laminae. There are traces of a fault, and of much derangement of the 
strata in the immediate neighborhood. 
Similar. springs of less volume break out in the vicinity in many places. One is in the 
ravine a short distance east of the hotels. Another is on Mr. McNaughton’s farm in New- 
Lebanon, between Lebanon springs and the Shaker village, and emits bubbles of nitrogen 
gas. Another issues from a fissure of the limestone, on the east side of the limestone ledge 
between New-Lebanon springs and Stephentown. These two springs never freeze, and were 
observed by Prof. Briggs. 
Northeast Gas Spring. 
Another gas spring issues on Mr. Isaac Smith’s farm, one mile southeast of Judge Bockee’s 
in Northeast, Dutchess county. Mr. Bockee informed me of this spring. I had no opportu¬ 
nity of examining it, and do not know its exact geological relations, farther than it is near the 
limestone, and on the great axis of disturbance before alluded to as that on which the gaseous 
and thermal springs of the eastern counties of New-York are situated. Gas is said to bubble 
up through the fountain. Its temperature had not been measured, but it never freezes. 
Amenia Gas Spring. 
This rises in the bed of a small stream about a quarter of a mile from Ameniaville towards 
Poughkeepsie ; and at another place near, by the road-side, where the ground was covered 
by water, the constant rise of bubbles of gas was observed for some time. These localities 
were in the valley west of Amenia, and the gas issued from the gravel beds over or near the 
junction of the talcy slate with the limestone, and between the Amenia ore beds of limonite, 
and those at a place called the Squabble-hole ore beds. 
* Prof. L. C. Beck, N. Y. Geol. Rep. 1838, p. 47. 
