quaternary division. 
153 
by Mr. Hubbard, sixty miles in length, at a distance of twenty to twenty-five miles from the 
lake, about parallel to the west end of the lake and the Maumee river, at a height of one 
hundred and seven to one hundred and eight feet above Lake Erie, or six hundred and seventy- 
one to six hundred and seventy-two feet above the ocean.* This is perfectly similar to that 
on which the Ridge road is located near Lake Ontario in New-York, and like that, is also used 
for a public highway. Those in Ohio are also used as public roads. 
The following are some levels that have been ascertained by instrumental measurement 
(with the level), and may be useful in determining the sources of the immense volumes of 
water that have formerly flowed through the Mohawk valley, the Champlain and Hudson 
valley, and others that have been mentioned. 
Superior. 
Michigan 
and Huron. 
Erie. 
Ontario. 
Champ. 
lain. 
Ocean 
level. 
Height of lakes above the Ocean,... 
— of ancient beaches on terraces in Ohio, on lake 
coast,.. 
— of ancient terraces in Michigan, west end of 
Lake Erie,. 
— of terrace of lake ridge (ridge road),. 
— of quaternary near Champlain,. 
— of ancient beach on terrace by Cleveland court¬ 
house, Ohio,. 
596* 
578* 
565* 
( 90 tot 
) 120 
(107* 
U08* 
951 
232* 
'ieoi 
93** 
15011 
654 
684 
671 
672 
392 
243 
659 
Summit west of Chicago, on route of the ship canal,.. 
17 
595 
— of Maumee canal,... 
"98t 
663 
— between Lake Erie and Lockport,. 
25| 
590J 
— between Lake Michigan and Illinois river,.... 
"rat 
657 
— portage of Wisconsin, between Fox river of 
Green bay and Wisconsin river,. 
121* 
699 
— of Champlain canal between Whitehall and 
Sandy-hill,. 
147** 
247 
— between Lake Ontario and Mohawk valley,... 
400 
Tertiary of Lake Champlain (quaternary),. 
’200** 
293 
Gravel beds at West-Point,. 
188 
r A 
108 
342 
1 ® 
208 
442 
Terraces on the Canadian side of Lake Ontario, C 
280 
514 
measured by Mr. Roe, supposed by him to have! D 
308 
542 
been beaches at different times. (Localities not j E 
344 
518 
mentioned).ll. G 
420 
654 
L 
680 
914 
lo 
762 
996 
It follows from the above Table of Heights, that a depression of two hundred and fifty feet 
would cause the waters of the ocean to communicate through the Champlain and Hudson 
valley ; one of four hundred feet, would cause the water of the Great lakes to flow through 
the Mohawk valley ; one of six hundred feet, would cause the waters of the ocean, from the 
* Geol. Report of Michigan, 1840, p. 104. 
t Whittlesey. Geol. Report of Ohio, 1839, p. 55. 
J .Idem, 1838, pp. 103, 104. 
§ Hall. Geol. Report of New-York, 1838, p. 310. 
Geol. 1st Dist. 
II Hall. Geol. Report of New-York, 1839, pp. 432, 433. 
“ir Emmons. Geol. Rep. of New-York, 1837, pp. 107, 120. 
•* Idem, 1838, pp. 334, 335. 
20 
