250 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
Fig. 8 shows the highly inclined strata of sand and clay that must have been deposited in 
laminae nearly horizontal; and one of the clay beds shows the wrinkling or folding upon itself, 
in consequence of its own weight, since it has been placed in its present position. 
Fig. 15, Plate 4, shows a small part of a disturbed stratification of the clay and sand 
beds, with unconformable strata of later date superimposed. This locality is twenty or thirty 
rods west of Brown’s point. Fig. 6, in Petty’s bight, shows the same. Fig. 9 shows slides, 
from recent causes, of the same strata, but conformable, about one and a half miles west of 
Brown’s point. Long island. 
It will be observed in all these, that the drift deposits occupy the same position above the 
strata of the Long-island division. This, and the enormous size of some of the boulders and 
blocks, has already been alluded to in the article on the Drift deposits.* 
Fig. 10 of Plate 4, shows an arching of the strata, the crown of the arch being covered by 
a slide of the sand and gravel beds from the top of the bank. This locality is on the west 
side of West neck in Huntington, Long island, three quarters of a mile east-southeast of the 
brick-kiln on the shore of Coldspring harbor. The strata there dip to the north, and to the 
south. The sand is divided into regular layers by fine partings of clay, but most distinctly 
on the south end or right-hand end of the section; and also by sand cemented into a soft 
crumbly mass, by small particles of a whitish material, that may be kaolin, derived from 
decomposed feldspar,! or minutely comminuted shells.^ The sand of these beds is very 
white, with an occasional stripe of a slight tinge of yellow. Some of the strata of sand are 
composed of very minute grains. A material may here, and at many of the tertiary sand 
beds, be procured, such as that used by lithographers in rubbing down their stones. The 
material used heretofore for that purpose, has been imported from France. 
The clay beds at this locality are an impure potter’s clay; some of it pretty white ; some 
dark coloured, brownish ; and some variegated and reddish. 
Fig. 12 of Plate 4, shows beds of sand of this formation, with their water lines or laminae 
of deposition, as well as their stratification, and traversed by a fault. This locality is fifty or 
sixty rods north of the preceding, on the east shore of Coldspring harbor. 
Fig. 14 of Plate 4, shows the drift deposits overlying the very irregular surface of the 
sands beneath. The figure also shows the laminae of deposition, as distinguished from the 
stratification. The upper part of the figure, representing the drift deposits, does not convey 
the proper idea, in consequence of its having been badly copied. It is represented with 
highly inclined strata, while they should have been nearly horizontal; and at the place where 
the lower tree is represented, a slide from the top of the bank should also have been repre¬ 
sented. 
♦ Vide page 163 of this volume. 
t A material of this kind is very common in the sand and gravel beds of the west end of Long island, and this place was the 
first where it was observed. It was afterwards seen better characterized, and is probably derived from the same rock as the 
source of the boulders containing such a material, and described as occurring at Whitestone, at three miles east of Flushing, 
and on Staten island, &c. 
I: No acid was applied to test the presence of carbonate of lime. 
