LONG-ISLAND DIVISION. 
255 
1. Variegated sands, reddish, yellowish, etc.— 20 to 30 
2. White clay,__ 2 to 4 
3. Whitish sands, sometimes tinged with red,_20 
4. Sand partially cemented by red oxide of iron,- 4 
5. Sand, grey and greenish, sometimes clayey,_ 4 
6. Clay, dark blackish, gritty and gravelly,_ 8 
These strata are very undulating; so much so as to make it extremely difficult to determine 
the general dip, if they have any ;* but they seem to disappear beneath the beach, when 
traced towards the north or south points of the island. 
The dark gritty or gravelly clay (No. 6), is identical in its appearance with that on the 
^northwest part of East neck, and found as far east as Rocky point in Southold. The stratum 
No. 5 is like the greenish loam described on the west part of Lloyd’s neck. This stratum 
has been observed to contain neither lignite nor fossil wood, and the strata of sand Nos. 3 and 
4 very rarely show them. The variegated sands (No. 1) often contain lignite, fossil wood, 
and nodules of iron ore. 
The white clay of Eaton’s neck has been found in many places on the west, north, south 
and east parts of this island, which is the main island of Eaton’s neck.f This stratum of 
white clay is considered by those who have used it, as of the finest quality for making stone 
ware, and superior to that of South Amboy, New-Jersey. This clay is sold for twelve and 
a half cents per bushel, or more than three dollars per cubic yard. Large quantities have 
been dug, and the excavations show it very undulating; and some of them are so short and 
abrupt, that the workmen term the anticlinal curves “ hog’s backs.” The stratum varies in 
thickness in short distances from one to five feet, and is overlaid by a stratum of coarse sand, 
and underlaid by one much finer. 
The variegated sands (No. 1 of the section), are fine, siliceous, white, and various shades 
of yellow and red. Large quantities of these sands have been shipped to New-York, Boston, 
&c., for casting sand. Ferruginous sandstone, and geodes and npdules of limonite, also 
occur in the sands of these cliffs, like those of Lloyd’s neck. The cliffs are elevated from 
fifteen to one hundred and twenty feet, in various parts of the island.^ 
At Freshpond ereek in Huntington, flesh-colored or salmon-colored clay occurs on the 
farms of Bryant Rodgers, and Matthew Gardner. The clay is similar to that of East neck. 
On Mr. Rodgers’ farm, the clay has been excavated sixteen feet without finding the bottom. 
The dip is slightly towards the Sound, and numerous slides are the consequence. The slides 
*• It is presumed that these strata have no general dip, except we take a very enlarged view of it, as beds similar to No. 6 are 
found at about the same level, nearly as far east as Oysterpond point; and the white clays even farther on Plum and Gardner’s 
islands. Shelter island, etc. ; and variegated clays, etc., on Martha’s Vineyard. 
t Another island, very small, and not elevated more than twenty or thirty feet above the tide, is in the line of the long beach 
connecting Eaton’s neck with Long island. Two others, also small, on the south side of the neck, are called Duck islands. 
They are of the same geological age as the main island of Eaton’s neck. 
t Mr. Briggs was employed to examine the shore from Huntington to Wading river, and most of the facts on Eaton’s neck are 
taken from his notes. 
