260 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
10. On Plum island. Beds have been worked many years, for bricks and coarse pottery. The loca¬ 
lities originally worked have long since been washed away,* in consequence of the inroads of 
the sea, which is making constant encroachments in some parts. 
11. Near Greenport, three-quarters of a mile west, clay is dug for pottery, and is manufactured at 
Greenport. Many localities have been observed between Greenport and Southold, south of the 
main road. It abounds at Hashamomuc, two or three miles east of Southold, both east and west 
of the meadows that lie south of the beach. 
12. Betwen Freshpond creek and Wading river, in many places. Round lumps, rounded by the 
houldering of the surf, were seen on the beach, and slides of the cliffs were common. 
13. Common almost every where in the Smithtown valley, within a few feet of the surface. It is the 
sandy gritty clay. I saw localities of it at one, two, and two and a half miles south of Smith- 
town. A locality seven miles south of Smithtown yields a gritty clay of a brick red color, but 
the parts free of grit are extremely plastic and unctuous. 
14. Clay is found two miles east of Huntington, on Great Cow hay. 
15. North of Jamaica about one mile, is an inferior kind of brick earth. A brick-yard here turns out 
about 350,000 bricks per annum. 
16. Near Musquito or Glenn cove, clay is formd. A brick-yard here yields about 300,000 bricks per 
annum. Tobacco pipes were manufactured from one of the clay beds of Musquito cove, in 1801 _ 
(Vide Mitchill, Medical Repository, Vol. 4, p. 200.) 
17. In the excavations for grading the streets in the south part of Brooklyn, thin strata of clay were 
found. 
18. On Staten island, the northwest part contains a red gritty clay, that it is necessary to perforate to 
obtain water. I saw one excavation for a well, in this material, thirty-seven feet without going 
through it, between the trap and serpentine ranges. 
19. Clay occurs by the road side at Lester Davis’, in Corum, Brookhaven township. Reddish sand 
overlies the clay, partially united by the red oxide of iron; dark colored sand overlies the last, 
and is overlaid by gravel partially cemented. Blue clay also occffrs on Mr. Jeremiah Roulen’s 
farm, near Corum. 
20. Clay occurs on the farm of Mr. Obadiah Smith, near Freshpond creek. Bricks have been made 
here. The clay was dug into seven feet, without penetrating through it. 
21. On Strong’s neck, which is an island at high water, clay is found. It may be seen in the hank at 
low water. Also near Strong’s neck, on Mr. Jesse Woodhull’s farm. This also is at low-water 
mark. The cliffs of Strong’s neck are of little height above the sea, generally not more than 
twenty feet. 
22. Blue clay was found at the depth of ninety feet, by Mr. J. Edwards, in Southampton township, about 
two or three miles from Sagg village, in the hilly region. Mr. E. dug one hundred feet for 
water, most of the distance through beds of sand and gravel. Concretions of indurated clay, 
like clay balls, were found in the clay. They were described as smooth and round, as if turned 
in a lathe. I saw none of them, but from Mr. E.’s description, have no doubt that they were 
similar in form, composition and origin, to the clay balls of segregation so common in the clay 
beds of the valleys of the Hudson, Connecticut, &c. 
* This information was communicated by Mr. Tillinghast, who is a native of that island, and has witnessed the wasting and 
washing away of the cliffs by the action of the currents and waves. 
