long-island division. 
267 
covered with a greenish incrustation of green sulphate of iron. The same kind of clay and 
lignite may be seen on the shore near Rossville. 
I saw lignite in the sand and gravel beds on the shore near the southwest light-house, on 
Staten island. 
3. Section of a clay-fit about three Hundred yards east of the preceding, on the shore of Raritan bay. 
(a). Yellow sand... 2 to 10 
(5). Ferruginous conglomerate,. 2 to 3 
(c) . Yellowish clay,. 6 to 8 
(d) . Plastic bluish white clay, . 6 to 8 
16 to 29 
The clay {d) is used for stone ware. The strata seem to dip very slightly to the east, perhaps one-fourth to one-half of 
a degree. The section terminates about fifteen feet above the level of the bay. 
4. Section of the bank on the shore of the bay, about one hundred yards east of the last section, at the point. 
(a) . Sandy loam,... 3 
(b) . Yellowish clay,. 7 to 8 
(y). Brown clay,... 1 
(d) . Sand and clay,..... 1^ 
(e) . Brown clay,. 1 to 2 
(a). Yellow sand and clay,. 2 
(i). Ferruginous conglomerate at the level of low water. - 
15^ to 17^ 
5. Section of Morgards clay-pit, one hundred yards south of the preceding. 
Yellow sand,... 3 to 10 
Ferruginous conglomerate. 2 to 3 
Yellow clay, mixed with sand,. 10 to 10 
Brown clay with small fragments of lignite,. 1 to 5 
Grey clay, . Itp 3 
Blue clay, nearly white when dry,. 8 to 8 
down to the bottom of the pit, which is about three feet above high- 
water mark. - 
25 to 39 
The strata are covered with sand and rubbish thence to the water. 
About one hundred to one hundred and fifty yards to the south of this section, the brown clay of this section makes its 
appearance on the shore, emerging above the sand of the beach above high-water mark. There were some traces of this 
clay among the rubbish of the clay-pit of the last section, fragments of lignite and masses of pyrites being common- 
Farther south, the brown clay gradually emerges more and more; and at the distance of three quarters of a mile, it is 
ten or twelve feet above high-water mark, and underlaid by a yellow clay mixed with sand like (d) in section 4. The 
sands and rubbish of the beach conceal the strata below the clay, except at this place; and even here, only a small part 
of the yellow sandy clay is visible. Lignite is disseminated through the brown clay, generally in small pieces and par¬ 
ticles, but some large masses like trunks of trees were seen. Pyrites in various formed masses, and like the clay balls 
presenting all kinds of fantastic shapes, are very abundant. Hundreds of tons might be picked up at low water, and 
might be economized in the manufacture of copperas, alum, sulphur, and sulphuric acid on a small scale. 
At Deep gully (a little east of Middletown point), Matavan point, and the ravine through which Middletown creek 
flows a little west of Mount Pleasant, the clay in many places is filled with iron crusts, apparently by the decomposition 
