HELDERBERG DIVISION. 
335 
of this rock in stratification and cleavage in other localities, are illustrated on PI. 8. figs. 8, 9. 
The remainder of the distance to Wilbur, and thence to Rondout, the strata are very much 
broken up and contorted, having been tranversed by numerous faults and wrinklings, so that 
they are bent and dip at all angles to the horizon. 
Nearly all the strata of the Helderberg division may be seen in numerous places within a 
few miles of Kingston; but they are so broken up, deranged, and even overturned, that if 
there were not other localities where the undisturbed strata could be examined, the superpo¬ 
sition of the whole of the different members could be definitely settled only after long and 
careful examination, and collating numerous observations. It is perhaps unnecessary to spe¬ 
cify places, where every hill, cliff, and ravine, present interesting localities. The vicinity of 
Kingston presents many facts of high geological interest, and will be often visited by those 
who are interested in geological investigations. 
In some places fossil remains abound, but generally around Kingston they are rather rare. 
Most of the strata of limestone exposed, belong to the Water-lime series. Fossil remains 
abound in the limestone and decomposing siliceous limestone at the Falls of the Esopus, op¬ 
posite Mr. Clark’s house, and below the white lead factory. The position of the rocks at this 
place is illustrated on PI. 8, fig. 6. They dip about 30°, N. 70° W. The stream flows along 
the line of fault from the lead factory, northwards about three-quarters to one mile. Through¬ 
out this distance, fossils are extremely abundant, and some strata are almost exclusively com¬ 
posed of them. The right bank of the Esopus from the Falls to near Glasco, affords a rich 
treat to all who are fond of seeing these medals of ancient times. The fossils are several 
species of delthyris, strophomena, atrypa, gorgonia, cyathophyllum, asaphus and encrinite, 
and many others, similar to those of the Helderberg and Beeraft’s mountains. 
Another locality where fossils abound, is about a mile from Bridgeport, about north, or a 
little east of north of that place. The strata dip about forty degrees to the east-southeast. 
The strata of the Helderberg division continue as broken, upheaved and wrinkled masses, 
from Kingston as far north as the south line of Albany county. 
Between Kingston and Saugerties, about a mile south of the limekiln, the road leads along 
an apparent disruption of the strata, and in some places these strata dip in opposite directions 
from the narrow valley through which the road passes (Vide PL 7, fig. 9). The strata of 
slate of the Hudson group were seen emerging in many places along this line of disruption, 
and in others, the black slaty crumbling limestone which is associated with the cement rock. 
This slaty calcareous rock might easily be mistaken for the slates of the Hudson group. 
The undulations and wrinkles of the rocks of the Helderberg division, between Catskill and 
the Mountain House, are illustrated on PI. 38, fig. 14. 
On this section S indicates the Hudson slates. 
L “ Helderberg limestones. 
M “ Marcellus shales. 
T “ duaternary clay and ore beds. 
