364 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
north than the mountain itself does. The hematite mine of Mr. Thomas Townsend is con¬ 
nected with this rock, two and a half miles west of Canterbury. 
“Pine hill, a ridge next southeast of Skunnemunjc, is composed of this rock; it is near 
three miles long, narrow, and somewhat elevated. In this hill the rock is almost entirely red^ 
and can be quarried in handsome blocks for building. Woodbury furnace is built of stone from 
Pine hill; it has all the appearance of freestone, except that it is rather more variegated than 
most American sandstones. It bears a high temperature very well. No fossils have been 
seen in this rock any where. 
“ Bellvale mountain extends quite across the town of Warwick. The southeast side, the 
top, and about one-third of the descent on the northwest side, are composed of greywacke 
and greywacke slate, standing nearly vertical. Its colors are grey, greenish and bluish grey, 
and brick red. Many of the layers are completely chequered by veins of milky quartz tra¬ 
versing them in all directions. While it passes on one hand into greywacke slate or grey¬ 
wacke shale, on the other it becomes a perfect conglomerate. 
“ Skunnemunk is similar to Bellvale mountain, passing unbroken nearly across Monroe. 
Its southeast side, top and part of northwest side are greywacke in all the same varieties. 
It is not in a line with Bellvale mountain, neither do their lines of bearing quite coincide. 
Most of this mountain has the dip, etc. of Bellvale mountain; but High point has the rock 
, dipping to the east, and some part of it even to the northeast. 
“ On some of the small ridges northeast of Bellvale mountain, the greywacke is seen 
forming their northwestern sides, while the opposite or southeast side is primitive rock. One 
of these may be seen a mile west of the Friends’ meeting-house, in Slonroe. In these cases, 
the line of bearing and dip of the greywacke coincide with those of the primitive, and the 
greywacke has the appearance of passing beneath the primitive rock. At the western base 
of Goosepond mountain and of Sugarloaf Mate, the slate has the same position in reference to 
the primitive, and exhibits pre isely the same appearances. These circumstances being pre¬ 
cisely similar, are mentioned together, so that future visiters to the neighborhood may notice 
both. In many places, both rocks are visible but a few feet apart, but I have not seen them 
in actual contact. This position of the two rocks so different in age, is singular and interest¬ 
ing. In the banks of the stream from the village of Canterbury to the Hudson, nearly all 
colors and forms of greywacke may be seen ; also in the banks of the Hudson, from Corn¬ 
wall landing, a mile up the river, to the mouth of the creek. Pine hill east of Skunnemunk, 
is a greywacke ridge, composed almost entirely of the red, slaty, compact and conglomerate 
forms. Woodbury furnace is built from the red stone of this hill. It makes an excellent 
building material, and resembles in all respects sandstone. 
“ Fine quarries of the blue flagging stone might be opened in Skunnemunk mountain, and 
of the red, resembling the sandstone, in Pine hill.”* 
The sections on PI. 13, fig. 6; PI. 16, fig. 2 ; PI. 18, fig. 1 ; and PI. 18, figs. 1 and 2,. 
Dr. W. Horton’s Geological Report, 1839: New-York Geological Report, 1839, p. 146. 
