CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 389 
The rocks are contorted on the point just below Rhinebeck landing (Vide Plate 9, fig. 9 ; 
and PL 29, fig. 2). 
The shore above Thompson’s landing, three or three and a half miles below Rhinebeck 
landing, is a high bluff with an abrupt escarpment.of contorted rocks. 
About forty rods northeast of Gen, Lewis’s landing, on the shore of the small bay, is a 
remarkable instance of contorted strata, hut vjiih parallel, plane, slaty cleavages. Plate 10, 
fig. 6, illustrates the stratification and slaty cleavage, and PI. 29, fig. 2, the position on the 
shore, of the above locality, which can be examined at any stage of the tide, by going in a 
small boat. The grits, slate and shale, can be examined all along the shore for a mile below 
this landing ; and about a quarter of a mile below, the strata are very distinctly arched. 
Contortions of all kinds may be seen in the grits and slates along the shores of this part of 
the Hudson ; and a local change of direction of the line of hearing of the strata in the vici¬ 
nity was observed to he a constant accompaniment of the contortions, so that by observing one, 
I was sure to find the other. These contortions and changes of strike, seem, from the ob¬ 
servations made, to be connected with the transverse axes of disturbance. 
Another example of contorted strata, with plane laminae of cleavage, may be seen on a 
rocky point about three and a half miles above Hydepark, about one mile above the rocky 
island. It is represented on PI. 10, fig. 10. 
Another example of the same remarhahle fact, is about two and a quarter to two and a 
half miles below Hydepark, just below the mouth of a small creek. This locality is well 
worth a visit by those who doubt about the conformity of strata and slaty cleavage, and those 
who still adhere to the views that were advocated a few years ago by Mr. Bakewell* and 
others, who thought that observation justified the conclusion that the slaty cleavage and strata 
planes made constant angles of sixty and one hundred and twenty degrees. Figures 3,t 4 and 
5X of Plate 10, are additional examples of the same facts; and figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of 
Plate 10, show that these planes make all possible angles with each other.§ 
* Vide Bakewell’s Elements of Geology. 
t Mr. Briggs observed the slaty cleavage distinct from the stratification in the slate rocks, in making his section of the rocks 
from Poughkeepsie to Sharon in Connecticut, about a mile from Pleasant-valley (Vide PI. 10, fig. 3). 
t The locality of fig. 5 is a little west of Jackson corners, on the road from Pineplains to Clermont. The strata planes dip to 
a point a little north of east about fifteen degrees, while the slaty laminae dip sixty to seventy degrees to the south of east. The 
same fact was observed in several places on the road farther to the west. 
^ The observations on slaty cleavage above referred to, and illustrated by the diagrams, PI. 10, fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 
were made in the summers of 1836 and 1837 ; and a slight notice, indicating the conclusion that was to be drawn from them, was 
published in the Second Annual Geological Report of New-York, page 161. Similar observations have been made in England 
and Wales, by Prof. Sedgwick (Vide Lyell’s Elements of Geology, 1st American edition, from the 1st London edition, 1839, 
p. 139; Prof. Phillips’s Treatise on Geology, London, 1837 and 1839 ; Geological Transactions, vol. iii, New Series). 
