CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 
403 
The Mohawk limestone is found not only in continuous strata, but in numerous limited 
patches. It occurs on the shore of Lake Horicon, or George, opposite Sunday point,* in 
Washington county. There are several patches of it on both shores of Lake Champlain. It 
reposes in some places on the primary rocks. This may be seen at the north end of Wash¬ 
ington county on Lake Champlain, near the limekiln on Mr. Goulard’s farm. This patch of 
limestone extends south-southwest up a valley between the hills. Its dip is very slight. 
Another patch forms the shore two or three miles farther up the lake to the south, a little 
south of Negro point; crosses a small bay, and ranges up the valley of a small stream to the 
south-southwest. Between Negro point and the bay, the dip is to the north. Another range 
forms the shore on the Vermont side, nearly opposite this bay. Another range on the Ver¬ 
mont shore two miles south of the last, and this skirts the shore, or is but little distance from 
it, to the Narrows, three or four miles, where it forms perpendicular bluffs of limestone on 
both shores. 
Many localities may be selected on the shore, where this dark grey compact limestone may 
be quarried in blocks of large size, and very near the water. The rock is one of the most 
durable and valuable kinds for buildings, locks, bridges and aqueducts. It may be easily 
quarried and dressed, and is very convenient to water transportation. 
Another mass of this rock caps the top of the mountain east of Whitehall, dipping rapidly 
to the eastward, and broken by longitudinal faults into several broken ridges, and extends south¬ 
ward between Wood creek and Pawlet river, through the central part of Whitehall, the east 
part of Fort-Ann, the western part of Hartford; thence on by North-Argyle, Argyle corners, 
South-Argyle, Reed’s mineral spring, to Bald mountain, where it seems to terminate, being 
covered over by the clays and sands of the quaternary formation of the Hudson and Batten kill. 
A similar limestone, and in the same direction, crosses the Batten kill at Galesville, at the falls, 
and thence ranges south about three miles, where it again disappears below the sand plains. 
This rock is extensively used for making lime, and many kilns are in almost constant ope¬ 
ration in Hartford, and Bald mountain, Greenwich, and in Easton near Galesville. The lime 
is in high repute, and from fifty thousand to sixty thousand bushels at least are supposed to 
be burnt annually. The lime is burnt with wood, so that the same kiln cannot be kept in 
constant operation. 
Hydraulic cement for the Champlain canal, is made at and near Galesville. Several kilns 
have been in operation. The rock is quarried a mile or two miles south of Galesville. 
There are several localities along this range where the strata are deranged in position, and 
the line of bearing changed from north-northeast and south-southwest to nearly east and west, 
by transverse upheaves, as at the south end of Bald mountain, and two or three miles south¬ 
west of Union village. The dip is almost uniformly to the east-southeast at a pretty high 
angle, except in localities where transverse lines of elevation or fracture exist. 
* This information was derived from Prof. Emmons. I did not see it. 
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