CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 
409 
5. The conglomerate limestone was seen in a quarry and a ridge on the road to Stuyvesant 
landing, about one mile from the road that leads from Kinderhook to Columbiaville. At the 
quarry, the strata are much contorted, as represented on Plate 9, fig. 17. The upper layers 
are brecciated limestone, and crushed and broken slate ; and the lighter colored strata below, 
on that figure, represent the sparry limestone, and the dark colored strata are slate. 
6, 7, 8. The conglomerate limestone was also observed on the road about midway between 
Kinderhook and Stuyvesant falls; also on the road from Kinderhook to Claverack, about one 
and a half miles from the former place, and at other localities ; also about midway between 
Kinderhook and Groat’s corners. It is associated with sparry limestone and calciferous rocks 
of the Champlain division, in successive parallel ridges. 
9. The same rocks are also seen farther south in Ghent, in ridges which have already been 
described as being arranged in echellon. 
10, 11. The same conglomerate limestone is also seen on the river road, two or three miles 
south-southwest from Hudson, as one of the lower layers of the limestone that ranges along 
the base of Merino mountain. It dips thirty to forty degrees to the eastward. Within half 
a mile of the locality last mentioned, it was seen again on a road leading eastward to the 
Highland turnpike. 
12. The same rock was also seen farther south in Livingston, and forms a low range of 
hills about one mile west of the post-road. 
13. About a mile south-southwest from Clermont, a ridge of the conglomerate limestone 
may be seen. It is interstratified with slate. Fragments of basanite are imbedded in it in 
some places. 
14. The same rock may be seen on the post-road, between the 108th and 109th milestones 
from New-York. Some blocks from this rock were nearly black, intersected by white and 
yellow veins. Similar conglomerate was also in Clinton, on the land of Joseph Le Roy. In 
the east part of Rhinebeck, and four miles east of Rhinebeck village, Mr. Merrick states that 
the brecciated limestone occurs. 
Numerous other localities of the limestone of this conglomerate and brecciated character 
were observed, but these are sufficient for illustration. 
The aspect of this limestone is strikingly different from that called the Sparry limestone 
by Prof. Eaton, though both are probably of the same age, and constitute parts of the same 
mass in many instances. The principal difference seems to consist in the sparry limestone 
having been recemented in place, after having been shivered by subterranean forces ; while 
the conglomerate and breccia have been more or less moved, and altered in form by attrition. 
At Thompson’s limekiln, about a mile northeast of Mount Lookout, in Orange county, is 
a locality where fragments of the Mohawk limestone have been rolled and cemented into a 
perfect conglomerate, the pebbles of which are from the size of bullets to that of large cannon 
shot; but instead of being spherical, they are ellipsoidal. The cement is also calcareous, 
and this rock makes the purest and best lime. The pebbles are of various colors, grey, 
brown and nearly black. Some fossils were found by Dr. Horton, associated with this lime¬ 
stone conglomerate; they belong to the Mohawk and Trenton limestones. These rounded 
masses are not concretions, but have evidently been formed by attrition. 
Geol. 1st Dist. 52 
