412 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
This lime is not as strong as that of Thomaston or Rhode-Island, and does not make as 
white walls. Most of the lime made at Barnegate is employed as a manure in New-Jersey, 
on their sandy soils, and it is found to be an excellent fertilizer. 
The limestone near Barnegate varies much both in the direction and amount of its dip. 
The dip varies in amount from ten to ninety degrees, and in direction from east to south and 
south-southwest. The strata between the locality mentioned under the Trenton limestone as 
containing its fossils, a mile or one and a quarter mile above Barnegate, and the well charac¬ 
terized Barnegate limestone, are slaty, and interstratified with slaty laminae in a position nearly 
vertical. 
The country near Barnegate is a mass of little ridges of limestone, running back from the 
shore upon the main ridge between the Hudson and Caspar creek. The strata of these ridges 
generally dip southwardly about thirty degrees, and appear to be caused by a series of faults 
as represented oh Plate 25, fig. 2 (Vide also Plate 28, fig. 4, for the topography.) 
A fault or dislocation of the limestone may be seen about two hundred yards south-southeast 
of the tavern at Barnegate. It is perpendicular to those forming the ridges that run back 
from the river, and may easily be discerned in consequence of the different colored layers of 
the limestone. The heave or dislocation is about one foot, and is represented on Plate 25, 
fig. 1. 
The limestone extends along the Hudson river on the east shore, from Barnegate to Ham¬ 
burgh at the mouth of Wappinger’s creek, which is the southern limit on that shore, but is 
concealed in some places by the quaternary and alluvial deposits, as at the mouth of the Cas¬ 
par creek (Vide PI. 28, fig. 4). 
Dr. Horton, describing the limestones of this group in Orange county, under the titles of 
Blue limestone, Sparry limestone, and Chequered limestone, says, 
“ A stratum of this rock commences on the bank of the Hudson at Hampton, where Orange 
is bounded by Ulster county. It is about one mile in width from northwest to southeast. Its 
direction is very nearly south-southwest, passing about a mile northwest of the village of 
Newburgh, into the town of New-Winds or, and disappears beneath the surface finally in the 
vicinity of a small body of water called Little pond, in the latter town. With the exception 
of one locality, its dip is to the southeast at an angle of thirty to sixty degrees. The ex¬ 
ception referred to is at Hampton, on the bank of the river; here this rock attains an eleva¬ 
tion greater than at any other point in this stratum, and the oblique ends of the layers as they 
come out to the river bank appear as if they had been elevated into a position which gives 
them a dip of thirty to forty degrees to the west and northwest. The elevated point of this 
rock at Hampton, and a similar but less elevated one a little below, called the-, form 
the northern termination of the long bay of Newburgh. 
“ Many of the layers of which this stratum is composed, are from two to four feet thick; 
they are solid, compact, and some of them break with a perfect conchoidal fracture. The 
layers differ considerably in color, part being a very light and part a very dark grey, and both 
are traversed in all directions by narrow seams and veins of white calcareous spar. Occa¬ 
sionally nests of quartz crystals and brown spar are noticed. I have not discovered a fossil 
