CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 
413 
in this rock, nor could I learn that any have been seen by others. In a quarry of this rock 
belonging to Mr. Charles Collier, the surfaces of the layers are covered with a very white in¬ 
crustation, which forms handsome specimens. It has the appearance and hardness of arra- 
gonite. Veins of white quartz and nodules of black hornstone are common in some of the 
layers. This stratum is employed extensively for burning into lime. 
“ Another stratum of sparry limerock, farther to the south and east, makes its appearance 
about a mile east of Salisbury mills, in Cornwall. It is here but a few rods in width, and not far 
distant from Skunnemunk mountain. It is visible, with a few interruptions, across Blooming- 
grove and Warwick, to the State of New-Jersey. It is seldom more than a mile in width. It 
resembles closely the stratum near Newburgh, but at no point rises so high above the surface. 
In the village of Warwick, it affords good specimens of crystallized quartz and crystallized 
brown spar. Fifty or sixty rods west of the Presbyterian church, in the same village, some 
of the layers are of a light red color, very close and compact in structure, and gives the argilla¬ 
ceous odor when moistened. The lustre is quite dull, and it breaks with a flat conchoidal 
fracture. There is evidently much clay in the composition. It has been supposed to be the 
water-lime, but there are more glimmering particles in it than in the hydraulic lime of stan¬ 
dard localities. It has also been examined in reference to its fitness for a lithographic stone, 
but does not prove good. It is called red marl in that vicinity. 
“ The minerals noticed in this rock, are quartz crystals, crystals of brown spar, crystals of 
oxide of titanium, and magnetic iron ore, so strong as to have given it the name of native 
magnet. 
“ Limestone exists abundantly in the town of Monroe, particularly in the north and north¬ 
west part of it. It is abundant about two miles north of Greenwood furnace, near the point 
where the Ramapo river enters the Highlands. It is here spread out to a breadth of nearly 
two miles, and a part of it extends southwesterly to the neighborhood of l^ong pond. It is 
much used as a flux in the iron furnaces, and but very little for lime. 
“ A small bed of similar limestone is found in the town of Cornwall, half a mile southwest 
of Ketcham’s mill. It is stratified, and dips to the southeast. 
“ Limestone is also found in great abundance in Goshen. It begins two and a half miles 
southwest of the village, and extends from the Walkill southeast to Thompson’s pond, a 
breadth of six or seven miles; and in length to the south and west, it extends into New- 
Jersey across the town of Warwick, west of the stratum already mentioned. 
“ The western edge of this limestone underlays the drowned lands and most of the islands 
in them, and passes along the northwestern margin of the white limestone of Warwick. An¬ 
other part of the same rock passes along the whole southeastern margin of the same lime¬ 
stone, and crosses the line of New-Jersey with it. In other words, when this limestone meets 
the primitive rock, it divides into two branches; one proceeding along the northwestern, and 
the other along the southeastern margin of the primitive, until they all enter New-Jersey. I 
have not seen them in contact, but they are everywhere in close proximity; no other rock 
intervening. At the line of New-Jersey, this rock, with the included primitive, occupies a 
breadth of nearly eight miles. 
