414 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
“ The northern terminations of the ridges of this limestone interlock with the southern ter- 
minations of the argillite ridges. This singular interlocking of the two rocks can be finely 
seen three and a half miles from Goshen, and half a mile southeast from Mapes’s tavern; 
also a little farther southeast, at the limekiln of Mr. H. W. Thompson. Most of the lime¬ 
stone of Orange county is precisely similar to that from which so much and such superior 
lime is made in Newburgh, and care and experience only are required in selecting and burn¬ 
ing to obtain as good lime. This statement is necessary, since the belief has become com¬ 
mon, that there is little if any good limestone in the county, except at Newburgh; and as a 
consequence, the Newburgh lime has comparatively excluded all other from use. 
“ It is a common belief in the county, that the limestone from beneath the surface requires 
less fuel to reduce it to lime than that taken from the surface. 
“ As a building material, some of our limestones are not surpassed by any found in this 
State. Those of Neeleytown in Hamptonburgh, and Mount Lookout in Goshen, are peculiarly 
fine. That of Mount Lookout is a handsome dove-color, and perfectly durable. It can 
readily be obtained of any length and thickness required.”* 
This limestone occupies a small area near Marlborough, in the southeast corner of Ulster 
county. It lies south of the creek, and covers an area, probably less than one hundred acres. 
The dip, where seen, was the same as that of the adjacent slate rocks, viz. E.S.E. from 
20° to 70°. 
Calciferous Sandstone. 
The Calciferous sandstone is an intermediate link between the Potsdam sandstone and 
Mohawk limestone, and composed of the same ingredients as these rocks, but the siliceous 
material predominates. 
This rock ranges through Washington county, underlying the Mohawk limestone in most 
places where the limestone occurs. This rock, like the limestone, laps around the points of 
the mountains and up the valleys, very much deranged in its stratification near the primary 
rocks. It may be seen in numerous localities between Fort-Ann and Patten’s mills, in the 
valley of the west branch of Wood creek. From one mile east of Fort-Ann, it may be traced 
by Comstock’s landing to Whitehall, where it may be seen in the uiountain east of the village. 
It may also be seen in most of the ridges for three miles to the east of Whitehall, and in 
some places it has been quarried for building stone, and for the locks on the canal. 
Several ranges of this rock, caused by the rocks having been upheaved into parallel ridges, 
are associated with the limestone described as occurring at the lead mine in White creek; 
also near Cambridge centre ; three miles from Cambridge, on the road to Union village; four 
miles north-northwest of Cambridge ; at Battenville; Centre falls, and thence north on to the 
southeast part of Summit lake; near Union village, and several localities in a line nearly 
north to the northwest part of Summit lake ; southwest of Hebron, two and four miles ; seve- 
* Dr. Hoeton. Third Geological Report of New-York. 
