430 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICTo 
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Slate of East mountain. 
Limestone at west base of East mountain. 
Limestone ridge. 
Ditto ditto. 
Slate, talcy; some places red. 
Slate of West mountain or Canaan mountain. 
> in contact. 
Limestone } 
Slate 
Siliceous rock, slaty. 
I in contact. 
Limestone S 
The limestone on the east side of the valley seems to range north between the east and 
west mountains, through the valley towards New-Lebanon springs ; “ while the limerock on 
the west part of this valley passes through a valley on the west side of the West mountain, 
nearly parallel to the Lebanon valley.”* 
“ A dislocation, and probably more than one, appears to have taken place in the limestone 
near the line between the land of the Shaker family and Mr. E, Tilden. The limestone here 
appears to have been carried forcibly towards the west, so as partially to dislocate the slate 
mountain, against which it rests. On a low point of Canaan mountain to the northwest, the 
strike of the rocks appears to be more nearly east and west than elsewhere. Near the divi¬ 
sion hue before mentioned, the slate appears to abut against the limestone.”! 
“ On the road between Canaan four corners and Lebanon meeting-house, the limestone 
was seen nearly in contact with the slate, on the land of Deacon Skinner. Its strike is nearly 
northeast and southwest, and disappears in the latter direction near the land of Mr. Carpenter; 
but if the strike be continued in a southwest course, it would run across the valley, and 
intersect the slate hills on the west side. This (disappearance ?) can only be accounted for 
by a dislocation at this place, which is probable, as there is a notch in the mountain 
opposite.”! 
Most of this range of limestone, from Stephentown through New-Lebanon and Canaan, is 
a very rough looking rock, traversed by veins of quartz in every direction; and where 
exposed to the weather, the carbonate of lime has been removed to some little depth, and 
left the quartz veins projecting from the surface of the rock. The limestone ridges south of 
Whiting’s pond show this character well at the lead mines, that were formerly opened and 
have since been abandoned, and where the Albany and Stockbridge railroad intersects them. 
They are here broken into huge masses hy joints, and the fractures caused by the upturning 
and overturning agency that placed the strata in their present position. 
The country between the two main branches of Claverack creek in Ghent, Hillsdale and 
Claverack, is very broken and hilly, composed mostly of slate rock which is highly talcose 
in many places. It passes into the argillaceous slates on the west. Grit rocks are interposed in 
* Mr. Briggs’ MSS. Geological Notes of the New-York Geological Survey, Vol. 2, p. -359. t Ibid. p. 371. j: Ibid. p. 396. 
