442 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
Local details in Dutchess county. 
Near the line between Northeast and Salisbury, the talco-micaceous slate and whitish 
limestone were observed; and a little farther east, the mica slate was well characterized, and 
contained garnets and some crystals of staurotide. The roeks dipped rapidly to the eastward. 
At the Indian-pond ore bed, white and grey limestone apparently underlies, and mica slate 
overlies the ore (Vide Plate 23, fig. 1). These rocks dip sixty or seventy degrees to the 
eastward. 
The mountain near and southwest of Leedsville in Amenia, is composed of mica slate and 
limestone, and both dip to the east at a high angle (Vide Plate 23, fig. 3 ; and PI. 38, Jig. 2). 
In the latter, the dark shaded strata are mica slate, and the light colored the limestone. The 
quaternary formation of the valley on the east is represented on both figures. These sections 
were about half a mile distant from each other. Nearly all the rock seen in place between 
that mountain and Amenia was limestone, always highly inclined to the east, and sometimes 
almost vertical. It is generally white, or grey and granular. 
At the Amenia ore bed, white limestone was seen in place a few rods to the west, and talcy 
micaceous slate on the east, the latter overlaid by bluish and sandy limestone (Vide Plate 23, 
fig. 2). 
At the Deep-hollow furnace, two and a half miles south of Amenia, the rock is mica slate, 
somewhat talcy. Limestone succeeds the mica slate on the east side of the valley opposite 
the furnace, and this is succeeded farther east by mica slate. These rocks form the moun¬ 
tain which here terminates on the south, and extends northward to a little west of Leedsville, 
and becomes very low to the northeast of Amenia Seminary. The limestone is quarried a 
little east of the furnace, for a flux in smelting the ore. The rock is wdiite, and lies in nearly 
vertical strata. 
Between the Deep-hollow furnace and the steel-works farther to the southeast, the rock is 
mica slate, and is succeeded on the east by the white and grey granular limestone. 
The limestone was seen in place from near Kline’s corners (a small village in the southeast 
part of Amenia), to Hitchcock’s corners, (another small village on the east line of Amenia), 
and thence at frequent intervals to Leedsville. Much of this rock is very white and very 
massive, and could probably be quarried for the same kind of marble that is so extensively 
wrought in Berkshire county in Massachusetts, and Litchfield county in Connecticut. 
There seem to be two main ranges of the white limestone in the valley east of the Chesnut 
ridge. One ranges down the west branch of the valley from northeast by Amenia Seminary 
and Deep-hollow furnaee ; thence south to two miles north of Dover plains ; thence by Dover 
plains, cropping out at intervals in low ridges and hummocks through the quaternary of the 
Dover valley ; the other ranges down the Oblong valley in Sharon and Amenia by Leedsville, 
Hitchcock’s corners, Kline’s corners, and the hills a little east of Dover, where it crops out 
also in low ridges through the quarternary. 
The mountains west of the steel-works, which seem to terminate abruptly on the south. 
