466 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
Mount Eve, and southwards into New-Jersey. In discussing this particular mass of Meta- 
morphic limestone, many observations made by those gentlemen, Dr.^Horton and myself, will 
be adduced. 
(a). White Metamorphic Limestone of Warwick. 
This limestone ranges south-southwest from Mount Adam and Mount Eve in Warwick, 
Orange county, to Andover and Lockwood in New-Jersey. It extends along the east side of 
Mount Eve, nearly to the line of the township of Goshen. “ Its southeastern limit is very 
straight and well defined, until it enters New-Jersey. Its western is irregular, passing along 
the side of Pochunk mountain; thence near the margin of the Drowned lands, across the 
Pochunk creek to Mount Adam. It also passes some distance between Mounts Adam and 
Eve. At its widest part its extent is more than three miles.”* This is at the line between 
New-York and New-Jersey. It is frequently only a few rods in breadth, or else is a succes¬ 
sion of narrow ridges of limestone, separated by masses of other rocks, of granite, sienite, 
or anomalous aggregates, some of which seem to have been granular quartz rock. Granite 
veins and masses of quartz, hornblende rock, augite, and mixtures of them, are seen almost 
every where, when closely examined. They traverse the rocks in various directions, but 
most frequently parallel to the strike, or else in a west-northwest and east-southeast direction. 
The strike is about N. 30° to 40° E. 
The white limestone is rarely stratified, or shows any distinct traces of stratification; but 
in some places it exhibits a regular gradation into the grey and blue limestone, which is fos- 
siliferous in some places and oolitic in others, and stratified in nearly horizontal strata. Dr. 
Horton observed, that in a few localities, the blue limestone was inclined at a high angle, and 
particularly south of the village of Edenville ; and that the white limestone in some places 
showed an apparent stratification with a dip to the southeast, but they were very limited in 
extent. The white limestone is confined to the lower parts of the valley, its ridges rarely 
rising one hundred feet above the Drowned lands,t except on Mounts Adam and Eve. Its 
color is generally white, having the character of calcareous spar. In some localities it is 
snow white, translucent and compact like Parian marble. Plumbago and mica are very gene¬ 
rally disseminated through it. It also contains a great variety of fine minerals imbedded, 
which will be enumerated in another place. 
Local details. One of the most interesting localities for the imbedded minerals of the white 
limestone, is about fifty rods northeast of Amity meeting-house. On a small knoll, and at 
the west and southwest base of the knoll, the principal minerals have been found. The lime¬ 
stone is a very coarse-grained rhombic spar, so that rhomboids of two inches on a side are not 
uncommon. I obtained from this place calcareous spar, rhomb spar, brucite of a beautiful 
* Dr. Horton, Third Annual Geological Report of New-York, 1839. 
f The Drowned lands is a large marsh'of about twenty miles in length, and one to five miles in breadth, and is the bed of a lake 
filled with alluvion. It has already been described. The while limestone forms the shore of one of its bays at Amity. 
