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GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
ORES FOUND IN THE CHAMPLAIN, TACONIC AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS, 
The principal ores are, 
1. Iron ore, Limonite (Hematite), 
p Lead ore (Galena). 
I Zinc ore (Blende). 
2. Copper ore. 
Silver ore. 
L Cerium. 
1. Limonite, or Hematite ore beds. 
The beds of this iron ore are very numerous and extensive, and do not perhaps yield, either 
in quantity of ore or value of the product, to any other equal territory in the world. The 
beds of this ore seem to be confined to the valleys of the Metamorphic and Taconic rocks, 
and are almost uniformly associated with talcy slate on one side, and limestone on the other. 
Limonite in small quantities, under the forms of compact brown oxide or iron, hematite 
and bog ore, occurs in many places in Putnam and Westchester counties. The loose masses 
scattered over the surface of the earth, seem to indicate important beds in Putnam county. 
If surface indications are worthy of notice, a bed of hematite and brown iron ore will proba¬ 
bly be found in the hills near the county poor-house in Putnam county. 
Local Details. 
Ackerman^s mine. A bed of hematite, of excellent quality, as far as the eye can judge, 
occurs on James Ackerman’s farm, about one and a half miles north of the county poor-house, 
and four or five miles east-northeast of Tarrytown, in Westchester county. Thirty tons of the 
ore were dug in 1837, and carried to the furnace at Coldspring, Putnam county. It had not 
been used in September, 1838, but it will undoubtedly make good iron. There is, probably, 
an extensive bed of the ore. It is associated with white limestone, and this range of rock 
reaches the banks of the Hudson, a little below Dobbs’s ferry. It is possible that beds of 
similar ore may be found connected with the limestone near the river. Should this be, the 
ore beds would be valuable, as there would be but little cartage to water transport. An acre 
of iron ore, only three feet thick, ought to yield the owner at least four thousand dollars, if 
he leases it to those who dig it for fifty cents per ton. 
Bradley's ore hed. A bed of limonite, containing some oxide of manganese, occurs very 
near the line between Phillipstown and Carmel, in Peekskill hollow, about ten miles northeast 
of Peekskill. Its thickness is not known. Fifty to one hundred tons of the ore may be seen in 
