542 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIKST DISTRICT. 
(C). MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS ON THE HIGHLANDS, AND ON NEW-YORK 
AND WESTCHESTER COUNTIES. 
“ The foregoing rocks form the great body of the Highland mountains ; they also constitute 
the rock of many of the short isolated mountains, at a distance from the foot of the High¬ 
lands proper, on the northwestern side. Woodcock mountain, in Blooming-grove, is formed 
of the granitic rock; it is a mile wide at its northeastern termination, and three miles long. 
“ Round hill, in the same town, is another mountain of the same rock; it resembles very 
much a half sphere. Pedler hill, in the same town, is still another mountain of granitic rock. 
Goose-pond, Sugarloaf, Sugarloaf Mate, Brimstone hill and Snake hill, are all primitive 
elevations in Goshen and Warwick, separated from the Highlands by intervening mountain 
ridges of transition and secondary rocks.- 
“ Mount Eve and Mount Adam,*’ in the town of Warwick, near the Walkill, are also pri¬ 
mitive mountains, formed of sienitic and gneissoid granite. Pochunk mountain, the most 
westerly primitive rock east of the Delaware river, has its origin on Pochunk neck, in War¬ 
wick, and passes into New-Jersey. Snake hill, in New-Windsor and Newburgh, stands like 
a primitive island, surrounded completely by transition rocks. 
“ Four miles-north of Newburgh, is a hill composed partly of the granitic rock. This hill 
is the farthest north and west of any primitive rock east of Shawangunk mountain. 
“ Half a mile northwest of the village of Washingtonville, in Blooming-grove, on the farm 
of Mr. Joseph Moffat, is the last and smallest primitive elevation in the county. It scarcely 
rises above the surface along the western margin of the limestone, and underlies only a few 
acres in extent. 
“ All the primitive elevations last mentioned have a line of bearing similar to the great 
Highland chain, and their dip is the same, and in the same direction, viz. to the southeast. 
“The general direction of the Highlands crossing this county is nearly east and west, while 
the line of bearing of the individual ridges composing them is about southwest and north¬ 
east. Thus, a ridge forming about the middle of the range on the Rockland line gradually 
approaches the western margin of the mountains, until it emerges and forms a part of the 
northwestern margin of primitive country. Numerous ridges terminate thus in Warwick and 
Monroe, and do not reappear north of the great sweep of the Ramapo. 
“ A very striking feature in these Highland mountains, is the absence of long continuous 
ridges ; of these, there are none. They are all broken up into short abrupt hills, many of 
them one thousand and one thousand two hundred feet high. Another striking feature is, that 
the southern terminations of these ridges are very generally abrupt, many of them perpendi¬ 
cular naked cliffs, having the appearance of being broken off; while the northern terminations 
* These mountains contain rocks that belong more appropriately to granitic and intrusive rocks, and their age seems to be of 
- the age of the metamorphic -white limestone of Warwick. 
