586 
GEOLOGY OF THE FIRST DISTRICT. 
22d-street upwards, or northerly, scarcely settled ; here and there a house. 
22d to 23d-street; On both sides are large quantities of boulders, say one-third sandstone, 
one-third greenstone, and the rest granite, anthophyllite, jasper, rock, &c. 
23d to 29th-street: Imperfectly graded, with high banks of gravel and boulders as before 
mentioned, in kind and quantity very angular, indicating less attrition than those found on 
the east side of the island. 
All the lower portions of this avenue, up to 39th-street, are either made ground or gravel, 
sand, or loam. Materials are the same as the boulders, but containing more mica. 
29th-street: The gneiss makes its appearance above the surface. Strike northwest and 
southeast. Dip on east side of avenue east 85°. Here the avenue is open, but not graded. 
36th-street: The rock appears ten feet above the grading, and extends north and south 
two hundred feet, and again dips below in every direction. Strata much contorted, with veins 
of quartz and granite protruding through it in every direction. In some places the granite 
amounts to one-half the entire mass. 
38th to 39th-street: The rock appears above the surface, with the materials of granite and 
the stratification of gneiss. 
42d-street: The rock has been uncovered, and is gneiss, with veins of quartz protruding from 
it. Strike N 1° to 10° E. Dip W 75. Surface inclining to west; surface one hundred feet 
east and west and two hundred feet north and south. Looked for drift furrows, but saw 
none. Rock was rough, as if it had been disintegrated on the surface. 
44th to 46th-street: Drift abounding in boulders of compact sandstone, greenstone and 
granite. There has been no levelling of consequence above 44th-street, except to render the 
avenue passable. On the west side, the rock appears towards 10th avenue, four hundred feet 
north and south, and one hundred and fifty east and west. Strike N 20° to 30° E. Dip W 
70° to 80°. Gneiss with veins of coarse granite, of inferior quality generally. 
48th-street: The avenue is only open to this street. Here the rock appears a coarse granite, 
but only seen in patches. 
52d to 53d-street: The rock also appears at, and occasionally above, the surface. Strike 
N 15° to 20° E. Dip vertical. Rock gneiss, with granite veins. 
53d to 55th-street: Valley, used as garden. 
55th to 56th-street; Gneiss appears with strike N 30° E. Dip 80° W. 
56th to 57th-street: Strike N 30° E. Dip westward 80°. Rock seen two hundred feet 
north and south. 
58th-street: Valley damp ; elevations east and west, but still the whole on elevated grounds. 
62d-street descends, on the north, into the valley of the Bloomingdale road, and meets it 
at or near 63d-street. 
Eighth avenue. 
Eighth avenue commences at 13th-street, and is settled sparsely to near Bloomingdale 
road, or to 63d-street. 
