DIP AND STRIKE OF STRATA. 
623 
Shawangunk mountains, where they are fractured in north-northeast and west-northwest 
directions, as at High point, Sam’s point, Buntico point, Great Mogunk, etc., and eastward 
by the arsenic mine and beds of black serpentine and diallage in Carmel, Putnam county. 
Several more between Newburgh and Baker’s falls, as in Marlborough, above Poughkeepsie, 
Rhinebeck, Redhook, Germantown, Coxsackie, Easton, Greenwich, etc. might be named. 
6th. Another across Lake Champlain, in the the southeast part of Putnam, Washington 
county. 
7th. Another by Putnam, towards Anthony’s Nose, on Lake George. 
These have none of them been traced continuously very far, and are not considered as well 
ascertained lines of disturbance to any great distance. This subject is one that is only begun 
to be investigated. Som^e facts are registered, and subsequent minute examinations will be 
required to develop the truths that are yet in obscurity. 
Another set of fractures and lines of contortion of strata having a northwest and southeast 
direction, is believed to have been observed, and which cross the Hudson in the greatest 
numbers between Newburgh and Troy. Their general course is. about parallel with the 
course of the northwest part of the Esopus kill and the Catskill creek, and seem to follow 
very frequently the valleys of the streams. 
It is believed to be of much importance to trace out the lipes of disturbance and upheaving 
action, not only in a scientific point of view, but in relation to the metalliferous and other 
valuable mineral deposits. It is considered certain that some of these deposits are at the 
intersections of such lines of disturbance and upheaving action, from the facts already 
observed ; enough to render it probable that the tracing out of such lines will lead to valuable 
discoveries. 
Some of the effects of elevatory movements along the main systems of fracture have already 
been alluded to: vide pp. 317, 320, 330, 33L 356, 357 (365, note), 367 to 368, 374, 375, 
377, 381, 388 to 390, 405 note. 
The main systems of north-northeast and south-southwest elevation may be considered to be, 
1st. That extending through the island of New-York, Staten island, and the west end of 
Long island at and near Hurlgate, northwards through the western and central portions of 
Westchester and central part of Putnam counties, and forming Chesnut ridge and Winchell’s 
mountain in Dutchess county. 
2d. The Highlands, which is composed of a great number of short parallel axes situated 
in echelon with regard to each other, and giving the general direction of the aggregate eleva-. 
tions of the highlands a northeast and southwest course. Many of these short parallel axes 
are prolonged so as to produce other elevations still further north-northeast; though by the 
subsiding of the ridges to the north, they disappear, and in consequence of elevations at the 
transverse as well as at the longitudinal fractures, other elevations spring up along the same 
line. One or two of these prolonged, constitute the Marlborough mountains; another the 
Comfort hills, the fractures and high points of the Shawangunk mountain west of Springtown, 
81* 
