624 
GEOLOGY OF THE FffiST DISTRICT. 
the broken ground about Kingston, and forms the Hudson river axis for more than one 
hundred miles to Baker’s falls. Others form the ranges of hills east of the Hudson. 
3d. Another forms the Shawangunk axis from the great bend of the Delaware at Carpenter’s 
point to Ellenville, where it leaves the Shawangunk mountain and shows itself only by broken 
masses and faults in the Mamakating valley, and by faults, fractures and gorges in the 
Catskill mountains, still further to the north. 
Many others might be described, but it is believed that they may all be referred to those 
that have caused the highland ridges, and are prolonged to the north a great distance. The 
ridges in the mountainous parts of Saratoga and Washington counties have the same general 
dip and strike as those of the Highlands, and are composed of the same rocks, and are sup¬ 
posed to have been elevated by the same cause at the same period, and their axis may be 
considered the same as those of the Highlands ; but they have shown less marked effects 
under the enormous masses of the Catskills, than where the rocks of the Erie and Catskill 
divisions were not developed. Professors H. D. and W. B. Rogers, of Pennsylvania and 
Virginia, have been, and are still engaged in investigating the phenomena of these and other 
axes of the same epoch in New-Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia, and it is expected that 
much light on this interesting subject will be derived from the results of their labors. 
