650 
INDEX. 
Pyroxene, 486. 
— white, 601. 
Pyxidicula, 52, 66. 
Q. 
Quaternary division, 2, 123. 
— extent of in the United States, 124, 
129. 
— range of in Hudson valley, 130. 
— patches of, 132. 
Quaternary system, 2. 
— division of, 4, 123, 306. 
— plains, 374. 
— referred to the gulf stream, and an 
elevatory movement, 155. 
Quarries of building stone limestone, 
326 - 330. 
— granite, 525, 528, 535, 536. 
— flagstone, 318, 387, 417. 
— granular quartz, 446. 
— gneiss, 530, 537-538. 
— Taconic system, 429. 
— limestone, 449, 450, 451, 453, 454 
-458, 600. 
— granite rock. Quarry point, 638. 
— red and conglomerate sandstone, 
286-288. 
— roof slate, 420-421. 
— sienite, 529. 
— taconic rocks, 429. 
Quartz crystallized, 358 - 359,372,413, 
415, 578. 
— melted, 484, 486, 575. 
— milky oftaconic rocks, 431. 
— altered taconic rocks, 447. 
— rock, 441, 541; (Vide also granu¬ 
lar quartz.) 
— veins, 358, 359, 421, 425; (Vide 
veins.) 
Queries in relation to joints, 626. 
Quincy sienite, 458 - 459. 
Radiated asbestus, 582. 
Red chalk, 119. 
— hematite, 577. 
— hook and Saghkill delta, 8. 
— limestone, metamorphic, 477, 479, 
— ochre, 119. 
— slate of taconic rock^, 426. 
— shales and grits, Ontario division, 
353-355. 
— slates, Champlain division, 382. 
— river, cretaceous formations, 3. 
— sandstone division, 285. 
— age of, 293. 
— conglomerate, 285, 286. 
Red conglomerate, confined to Rock¬ 
land and Richmond counties, in 
First District, S. 
— shales of the Catskill division, 
307. 
Reed’s mineral spring, Washington 
county, 103. 
Refrigeration of the earth, 217, 221, 
222, 631-633. 
Reversed strata, 330, 335, 350, 422. 
Rhombic spar, 579, 
— tufa, 81. 
Rider, in mining, 563, 566. 
Ripple marks, 313, 418. 
River head marshes, 18. 
Rivers, as distinguished from creeks, 6. 
Roberts, Lieut. 639. 
Rochester, Ulster county tufa, 81. 
Rock formations, general divisions, 2. 
— modifications of, 246. 
Rocks like those of the Shawangunk, 
362. 
Rockaway, alluvial changes, 17, 
— marshes, 18; beaches, 29. 
Rockland, quaternary of, 2. 
— tiappean rocks of, 2. 
Rockspring, Saratoga, 96 ; Plate, 35. 
Rocky mountains, 2, 
Rodgers, H. D. 289-292, 468-476, 
628, 631. 
— W. B. 628, 631. 
— Prof. H. D. views on new red 
sandstone, 289, 292. 
Rodgers island, alluvial flats, 7. 
Roof slate, 371, 387, 419-421. 
Rotation of the earth, as influencing 
currents, 217,221,227,292,293. 
— influenced by caloric, 216-221, 
632-633. 
Rondout fiats, 9. 
Round pond, sink hole near, 36. 
— metamorphic limestone, 36. 
Rubstones, 316. 
Ruby spinelle, 467. 
Rutile, 513. 
S. 
Sacrilegious ceremony, connected with 
Kidd’s money, 23. 
Sagg ponds, 18. 
Saghkill delta, 8. 
Saginaw bay, coal of, 3. 
Sahlite, 477, 479, 531, 532, 539, 569, 
579. 
Salt group, 353. 
— manufacture of, 17, 86, 87. 
— licks, 86. 
Salt springs, 87. 
— marshes, 17 - 19, 21, 234, 596. 
Sand-dunes, 30, 127, 233. 
— deposits of quaternary, how situ¬ 
ated topographically, 148-149. 
— casting, 141. 
— lake, chalybeate springs, 70. 
— plains of Saratoga, Long island, 
Hudson valley, etc., 127, 133. 
— spits, 25. 
— stone, red, 285, 287. 
— stones, alluvial, 122, 160. 
Sand’s point, alluvial changes, 22. 
Sapphire, 779. 
Saratoga springs, 89. 
— description of, 95. 
— tufa, 81. 
Satin spar, 372, 579. 
Saugerties tufa, 81’. 
Scapolite, 467 - 477, 532, 579; mas¬ 
sive, 479. 
Schenectady tufa, 81. 
Schizonema, 53, 243. 
Schoharie grit, 2, 325, 340. 
— layers, 325. 
— tufa, 80. 
Schorl, 484. 
Scorodite, 579. 
Scratches, drift, 136, 198, 224; tables 
of, 199, 385, 387. 
— on Staten island, 291. 
— origin of, 223 - 226. 
— various directions accounted for, 
224-226. 
Screens, 301. 
Scutella limestone, 325, 326, 344. 
Sea, encroachments of on the land, 19* 
Section corrected, 637. 
Sections of Quaternary system, 126, 
134-141, 160, 168. 
— Long-island division, 251, 254, 
255, 258-260, 266, 269. 
— Red sandstone, 294. 
— Catskill division, 303-306, 307, 
312. 
— Helderberg division, 325, 331,336, 
348. 
— Ontario division, 353, 
— Champlain division, 375 - 376, 378 
-380, 398, .399, 408, 419, 419. 
— Taconic rocks, 427, 430, 431. 
Secondary system, upper, 246. 
Secular refrigeration, 631 - 633. 
Selenurus limestone, 325. 
Separation of ores, 361. 
Sepia bone, 78. 
Septaria, 323. 
