78 
natural history. (Minerals.) 
[north 
several other mineral substances have lately been found, the essential 
component parts of which are iron, manganese, and phosphoric acid. 
— Triphyline , a phosphate of iron, manganese and lithia ;— del - 
vauxite, &c.— Phosphate of copper, of which the best characterised 
species are—the octahedral, or libethenite, from Libethen in Hungary ; 
and the prismatic, or rhenite, from Rheinbreitenba^i, where it occurs 
with quartz which sometimes passes into calcedony.— Phosphate of 
oxide of uranium: — the yellow uranite or uran-mica from Autin, 
Limoges, Bodenmais; and the green uranite , or chalcolite, chiefly 
from Cornwall and Saxony: both of them phosphates of oxide of 
uranium, but distinct by containing, the former a small portion of 
phosphate of lime, and the latter an equivalent portion of phosphate of 
copper.— Phosphate of yttria, or phosphyttrite, a very scarce mineral 
substance, first found in the granite of Lindenas in Norway, and subse¬ 
quently, in equally small quantities, at Ytterby in Sweden.— Phosphates 
of alumina, to which belong—the wavellite, a substance which was ori¬ 
ginally mistaken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and therefore called 
hydrargillite, from Devonshire, Ireland, Brazil, Greenland, from Am- 
berg in Bavaria (called lasionite), from Aussig in Bohemia, on sand¬ 
stone, &c.—the klaprothite, called also blue spar, and azurite, and 
is therefore sometimes confounded with the lapis lazuli;—together 
with some other substances of which no exact analyses have as yet 
been published, though they are known to be chiefly composed of alu¬ 
mina in combination with phosphoric acid, such as—the calaite, or real 
turquois ( firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem found chiefly at Nisha- 
pur, in the province of Khorasan, Persia, in nodules or as small veins 
traversing a ferrugino-argillaceous rock, and greatly esteemed on ac¬ 
count of its beautiful blue colour, which will in most cases be sufficient to 
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper and from fossil bones 
{particularly teeth) impregnated with blue phosphate of iron or carbonate 
of copper, some of which substances are vulgarly called occidental tur¬ 
quoises.—The kakoxene, a rare substance of a crystalline diverging- 
fibrous structure and yellow colour, found in the fissures of argillaceous 
iron-stone, near Zbirow in Bohemia ;—and the childrenite from Tavi¬ 
stock, in Devonshire : both which mineral substances contain alumina 
and oxide of iron combined with phosphoric acid, but require to be sub¬ 
jected to closer chemical examination. —Phosphate of magnesia: the 
very scarce wagnerite, from the valley of Holgraben, near Werfen, in 
Salzburg_The mengite and edwardite are placed in the Table Case, they 
being by some considered as phosphates of lanthan and cerium oxides. 
in two of the supplemental Table Cases (57 A and B) in this room 
are deposited such phosphates as are combined with chlorides; as like¬ 
wise the rare combinations of the latter with carbonates and silicates. 
Case 57 A. Pyromorphite , a combination of phosphate of lead and 
chloride of lead, generally divided into brown lead ore and green lead 
ore: among the varieties of the former, the more remarkable are the 
large six-sided prisms from Huelgoet in Brittany; of the latter we 
have the massive botryoidal (traubenertz), the spicular, and crystallized 
varieties, of various shades of green passing into greenish-white, into 
yellow and orange. To these are added phosph-arseniates and also some 
arseniatesoflead, from Siberia, Cumberland, Saxony, &c., whose che¬ 
mical constitution is not yet perfectly understood; in 
