ANALYSIS OF THE OAT.——NO. 2 . 
81 
Organic Constituents 
I of the Unripe Plant .—In 
connexion with the first 
chapter of my subject, I 
have hitherto said no- 
j thing of the organic con- 
stituents of the unripe 
[ plant. Mr. Fromberg has 
j determined the nitrogen 
| in the unripe oat at six 
1 periods of its growth, and 
also when it had become 
| fully ripe. The adjoin¬ 
ing table [Table 10] gives 
his results. 
The steady increase of 
nitrogen from the 30th of 
July is very striking. Had 
time permitted, it would 
have been of much in¬ 
terest to determine the 
other organic constitu¬ 
ents, both proximate and ultimate. This tempting 
field we have been obliged to leave for future ex¬ 
ploration. I shall next pass on to that part of 
July 
16. 
July 
30. 
Aug. 
13. 
Aug. 
20. 
Aug. 
27. 
Sept. 
3. 
Gluite 
ripe. 
0.51 
0.51 
0.62 
0.66 
0.97 
1.52 
1.87" 
1.71 
1.35 
1.38 
1.31 
1.79 
2.20 
2.18 
3.24 
3.24 
3.90 
4.15 
6.10 
9.58 
11.80 
10.75 
8.50 
8.69 
8.25 
11.26 
13.84 
13.72 
Table 9. 
Leaf. 
Stalk. 
Knots. 
Chaff. 
° a t. i 
Potash and Soda, 
Chloride of Sodium, 
Lime, - 
Magnesia, 
Oxide of Iron, 
Sulphuric Acid, 
Phosphoric Acid, 
Silica, - 
18.35 
0.30 
5.13 
1.63 
0.55 
13.05 
2.91 
68.22 
42.43 
4.46 
4.12 
1.47 
0.62 
7.84 
6.31 
34.85 
39.21 
0.60 
4.75 
4.51 
1.02 
27.94 
9.03 
13.23 
15.39 
2.01 
4.58 
3.10 
1.50 
9.90 
7.26 
56.38 
31.37 
0.61 
6.76 
2.94 
0.35 
16.42 
J5.19 
26.05 
100.14 
100.33 
100.29 
100.12 
99.69 
Table 10. 
Day of the Month received. 
Per centage of Nitrogen in 
Undried Oat, 
Do. do. in Dried Oat, 
Do. do. of Protein Compounds 
in Undried Oat, 
i Do. of do. in Dried Oat, 
the investigation upon which I have principally 
been myself engaged. 
John P. Norton. 
TRANSPLANTING TREES. 
Having noticed in the December number some 
interrogatories of an inquirer on this subject, it oc¬ 
curred to me that some general remarks on a topic 
in which every occupant of a rod of ground 
should be interested might not be amiss. 
First then, your inquirer refers to a caution pub¬ 
lished in an earlier number of the Agriculturist, 
«against transplanting trees while the sap is in 
circulation,” assigning as a reason that it cannot 
be done without injuring them. 
Now I suppose that correspondent will admit that 
the sap is the blood of plants, and that it carries and 
deposits the material of growth in the vegetable 
system as the liquid we call blood does in the ani¬ 
mal. If this proposition is admitted, then I should 
like to know at what season of the year (unless its 
progress be stopped by frost) the sap is out of cir¬ 
culation ? It surely is in spring, and in autumn, 
after the fall of the leaf, for if a tree be wounded, 
the liquid element flows out in quantities and cha¬ 
racter not to be mistaken. It must also circulate in 
summer, for when a branch is broken off we see 
its leaves wither from the withholding of their natu¬ 
ral element; so, too, if a tree is cut down or broken 
off by the wind, we see the same result. It is also 
manifest in the grass of the field, which flourishes 
until the hand of the mower lays it prostrate at his 
side, when it soon withers and dries up. 
But without entering into further queries in this 
matter, I will suppose that what the writer means 
in his allusion to circulation, has reference to the 
seasons when there is a visible flow of sap, or, in 
other words, when i the tree or shrub bleeds on 
being wounded, periods in deciduous trees which 
precede the putting forth of the leaves and return 
of frosty weather after their fall in autumn. Tak¬ 
ing this supposition for truth, I am ready to admit, 
with the correspondent, that the tree is in danger 
from careless removal, for if it is much mutilated 
in the process, unless precautionary measures are 
adopted, there will be danger of its bleeding to its 
serious injury, if not to its utter ruin. In such 
cases, then, the tree should be taken up with care, 
and with as little wounding or breaking of the roots 
as possible. To exercise a perfect surgical opera¬ 
tion, the bruised and wounded parts should be cut 
off smooth, with a sharp instrument. Some appli¬ 
cation should then be made to close the pores, to 
prevent a further effusion of sap. The most con¬ 
venient and successful way of doing this, is to dig 
a trench of sufficient size to admit freely the roots 
of such trees as you are taking up, which trench 
fill with water, and to this add one-third of recent 
cow-manure (a substance the healing qualities of 
which on timber cannot be too highly recommended), 
and two-thirds of sand or finely pulverised earth, 
which stir until they are thoroughly mixed and are 
of the consistence of a thin hasty-pudding. Into 
this put the roots of the tree as soon as taken from 
the earth, and the necessary pruning is performed, 
and*move them backwards and forwards and side¬ 
ways, until you are sure that every wound has re¬ 
ceived a portion of the adhesive mixture; after 
which set them in their new localities, with proper 
care, and I am certain that the most ignorant culti¬ 
vator will meet with merited success. If you prune 
the top, the same application may be made with 
equal advantage. 
To the inquiry, whether deciduous trees are re¬ 
moved more safely in the autumn or spring, I would 
say, that matter depends somewhat on the season. 
It is much better to transplant in autumn if you can 
be assured that the coming spring and summer will 
be dry; but in ordinary seasons it matters but little 
whether spring or autumn, if the operation be pro¬ 
perly performed. I have taken up trees four feet 
high in July, and treating them in the manner 
above described, and had them live. These,however, 
were removed but a little distance, were sheltered 
from the sun, and liberally watered, more for ex¬ 
periment than profit. In removing in the fall, I 
