ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS. 
83 
an even surface for the subsequent mowing. In 
favorable seasons, my wheat crops average from 
25 to 35 bushels per acre^ 
Long Island, John Brown, 2nd. 
Lake Winnipisiogee. 
(a) This variety of corn, from the high degree 
of latitude in which it grows, appears to be adapted 
to all the New England States, New York, New 
Jersey, a portion of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, 
Illinois, Canada West, Iowa, Oregon, &c. We 
have ordered some for seed, and shall soon have it 
on sale. 
--o,- 
ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS. 
The western country, like most all new countries 
on their first settlement, is subject to general and 
fatal maladies, and this will continue to be the case 
until its settlement and improvements become ex- 
tended over its entire surface, so that every stagnant 
marsh and pond shall be opened, its poison let loose, 
and exposed to the neutralizing effects of the ele¬ 
ments. This fact seems to be little known or 
thought of by new settlers, especially those who 
come from foreign countries. I do not wish to be 
understood to say aught against emigration, because 
a new country is sickly; for emigration is neces¬ 
sary. 
Generally speaking, the first and main object in 
view by the emigrant, is to get rich land, for it 
is natural to expect that the products of such a soil 
will be more abundant. But where is it found ? 
On streams, the borders of rivers, lakes, marshes, 
&c., and here the location is made. And what is 
the result? Before the first season half expires, 
and before the time of harvesting is past, he and 
his family are prostrated by sickness, his crops are 
lost, or destroyed, and if he and his family are for¬ 
tunate enough to recover, which often is not the 
case, he finds his prospects are blighted, becomes 
disgusted with the country, and nothing can satisfy 
him but to return. To effect this his farm and 
home are sacrificed, or abandoned, and he finds in 
the result, on reflection, that he has committed an 
error in the operation. 
To those about to emigrate to this country, I 
propose to offer a little advice, founded on more 
than eight years’ experience. And will it be im¬ 
proper to ask, who is more capable of giving such 
advice than a physician ? 
The active principle or cause of our bilious fevers 
and epidemics is malaria, or a poison generated by 
the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter, 
which exists in stagnant ponds, marshes and streams. 
The intense heat of the sun acting upon this poison, 
causes it to be developed and spread its deadly 
effects. Hence we find in seasons of uncommon 
dryness with much hot weather, that sickness is 
most prevalent and fatal. So subtle and active is 
this poison that I have frequently known in sickly 
seasons whole neighborhoods to be prostrated 
within the space of a week. In such times people 
have been known to rise in the morning apparently 
in health, and before noon to be attacked with a 
burning fever, or sinking with a coldness and livid¬ 
ness of the whole body resembling all the symptoms 
of the Asiatic cholera. 
The question may be asked by many who have 
already made up their minds to emigrate to this 
country, whether the disease is fatal ? Why, it is 
so to those who neglect skilful assistance in season, 
but to those who have timely and efficient aid it does 
not generally lead to any serious result. 
I hold that knowledge of every kind, and par¬ 
ticularly that which concerns lif<*and health, can be 
of no injury to any one, and in my opinion, emigra¬ 
tion will only become safe and practicable when 
such knowledge shall become general. 
It is hard to make some understand why loca¬ 
tions near streams, marshes, and stagnant pools, 
are more unhealthy than higher and more elevated 
places. I have often been ridiculed for voluntarily 
advising people of their danger in such situations, 
unless they change their locality. 
The past summer has been one of general sick¬ 
ness and fatality, in these parts, so much so, that 
grain has been suffered to stand in the field unhar¬ 
vested. Many who have large numbers of cattle 
have been unable to cut and prepare fodder for them; 
and in some counties in this and the adjoining 
states, courts have not been held at their usual 
terms on account of sickness. I have observed 
this season, and previously, that the fatality has 
been most prevalent among new comers, particu¬ 
larly the Germans. Had they the necessary infor¬ 
mation and all the requisite advice, much sickness 
and disappointment might have been avoided. 
As parting advice, I would earnestly entreat all 
who are to come to this country, to select a farm 
or location away from streams and stagnant waters 
of all kinds. Do not let the idea of just such a piece 
of land, of having just such a rich soil, or water privi¬ 
leges, or nearness to market, allure you. It may 
seem healthy at the time, and those who are anxious 
to sell may tell you it is healthy; but pay no atten¬ 
tion to them, for summer will again come, sickness 
will overtake you, and you will find that I am 
right. Andrew Stone, M.D. 
Crown Point, Lake Co., Ia. 
SUPPOSED EFFECTS OF THE GASES OF 
BRICK-KILNS. 
I observe that in the last number of your useful 
periodical, you notice some observations which I 
made at the New York Farmers’ Club on the de¬ 
structive effects of the gases of brick-kilns. 
Quoting, I presume, from a report made in another 
periodical, you have fallen into an error, which I 
corrected in that paper, and which you will oblige 
me by also correcting in your next number. [W e 
have quoted no periodical in this case, within our 
knowledge.] I stated that the gases from brick¬ 
kilns, at the latter part of the burning, continued 
to pass off in great quantities, for from six to twelve 
hours; that they, or some one of them, were very 
injurious to fruits, vegetables, &c., when moisture 
was present in the atmosphere ; and that, under cer¬ 
tain conditions of the air, such for instance as the 
presence of a fog, a gentle rain, the wind passing 
over the kiln at this period, with a breeze so light 
as not to commingle the gases, or to dilute and dis¬ 
sipate them through the atmosphere,—they might 
extend a distance of eight or ten miles, and destroy 
the leaves and fruit of the orchards in its course, 
injuring those most that were nearest. And I add¬ 
ed, that I could conceive it possible, under similar 
