PROFITS OF 
GARDEN.-TRAINING TREES. 
PROFITS OF A GARDEN. 
The profits of a garden near a 
large city, of the extent of 10 or 
15 acres, are as great as that of a 
farm of ten times the extent culti¬ 
vated in the best manner, without 
the help of purchased manure. 
But if manure can he obtained 
at a reasonable rate, as is often 
the case in great thoroughfares, 
where many horses are kept for 
public conveyances, although 
there be no immediate demand for 
vegetables, a garden may be very 
profitably cultivated, entirely for 
the purpose of raising seeds. The 
demand for seeds of all the most 
common productions of a garden, 
and especially of flowers, is very 
great; and the profit of those who 
retail them in small quantities is so great that they 
can afford a liberal price to those who raise them 
with proper care, so as to keep the varieties distinct. 
Many plans have been proposed for the distribu¬ 
tion of the crops in a garden; but none of them 
are suited to every situation. Much depends on 
the nature of the soil, which may be better suited 
to one kind of produce than another, and also to 
the demand for any peculiar class of vegetables. 
New sorts may often be introduced with advantage. 
The raising of any useful plant with great care will 
often give a man a reputation, which makes it ad¬ 
vantageous to him to confine himself to these prin¬ 
cipally, and raise them in the greatest perfection. 
An ingenious man will find out what is most for 
his own advantage; and, from the list of plants 
which may be cultivated for ornament or for use, a 
selection may be made which may be well suited 
to the situation of the ground and the circumstances 
of the grower. The practice of the market gar- 
Quantities of Seed suited for a Cottage Gar¬ 
den. —Allowing for loss or accident in garden 
seeds, we believe the following quantities for sowing 
a common cottage garden to be nearly correct:— 
1 pint of peas will sow - 14 yards of drill. 
1 pint of beans will sow - 22 yards of drill. 
1 ounce of onion-seed will sow 10 square yards. 
h ounce of leek-seed will sow 6 square yards. 
1 ounce of carrot-seed will sow 10 square yards. 
1 oz. of parsnip-seed will sow 12 square yards. 
h ounce of cabbage-seed, 3 or 4 square yards. 
TRAINING TREES. 
As queries are often made in regard to the terms 
made use of by gardeners and others, in training 
grape-vines, fruit-trees, &c., such as Hoop-training, 
Wall-training , Fan-training , Training en que- 
nouille, and en pyr amide, we insert, as we are 
permitted to do, the following article from the 
45 Farmer’s Dictionary,” a favorable notice of which 
will be found on page 130 of our fifth volume. 
The training of trees consists of their manage¬ 
ment, by pruning the stem and branches, so as 
to secure an increase of fruit of a superior quality. 
Training against walls has also the advantage of 
enabling the orchardist to cultivate southern fruits, 
deners may be examined, with advantage; and long 
experience, with the test of profit, will lay down 
better practical rules than the most plausible theo¬ 
ries. 
The great productiveness of a garden is a lesson 
in favor of deep spade tillage. Those parts devot¬ 
ed to annuals should have a southern exposure; 
but trees and perennials often require a sheltered or 
northern aspect. Plants which flower should be 
planted far apart. The soil must be well drained. 
Walls and trellises in gardens are of the first im¬ 
portance to shelter vegetables and allow choice trees 
to be trained. 
The implements necessary for garden tillage are 
displayed in the above figure; the plow may be 
used to assist in trenching, and improved drills for 
sowing ; but the spade, rake, and hoe are the prin¬ 
cipal tools; indeed, labor is the great essential in 
the garden.— Gardner's Farmer's Dictionary. 
and ripen them more perfectly. The chilling effects 
of winds and excessive evaporation are averted, 
while the increased temperature to which the fruit 
is exposed renders it sweeter. 
There are three general plans of training; on 
espaliers, walls, or as dwarf standards. The espa¬ 
lier is usually a trellis, consisting of posts ten feet 
high, set eight or twelve feet apart, and sustaining 
horizontal laths or wires ; the trees are therefore 
trained horizontally. This is usually intended for 
grapes, apples, or pears. 
But the posts are sometimes 
set in circles, around which 
three or more branches are 
trained. This is called 
spiral or hoop-training (see 
fig. 19). 
Funnel-training is a mo¬ 
dification ; the posts are set 
in an inclined direction, so 
as to meet at their summits, 
and produce the outline of 
a cone. Wire is wound 
around it at intervals of a 
Hoop-Training. 
foot. Light iron bars, or trellises of wire, are 
sometimes used instead of the wooden posts. 
