Apiculture is the most healthful, the most useful , and the most noble employment of man .— Washington. 
VOL. VI. NEW YORK, JULY, 1847. NO. VII. 
A. B. Allen, Editor. 
TRANSPLANTING CABBAGES. 
Before planting out your cabbages, the ground 
should be deeply plowed or trenched, and the soil 
thoroughly pulverized, and supplied with a due 
quantity of well rotted dung, or other stimulating 
manure. The dung may either be dug or plowed 
in, or it may be laid in the bottom of the drills just 
before planting, and covered by splitting the ridge 
between the drills with a plow, taking care, how¬ 
ever, that the last stirring of the ground should be 
at the time of planting. 
If possible, plant in rainy weather; but if this 
cannot be done, sprinkle on the beds, containing 
the young seedlings, just before night-fall, a few 
bucketsful of water, previously tempered by the 
air and sun, and shortly after, take them up with a 
little earth adhering to their roots, and plant them in 
the plot or field where you intend them to grow. 
As soon as they are planted, in dry weather, they 
should receive a liberal supply of water, otherwise 
they will mostly die, unless they are screened from 
the sun.' When inserting them in the ground, care 
must be observed not to bend or entangle the roots. 
The distance of planting must, in some measure, 
depend upon the strength of the soil, and the size 
of the variety to be grown ; but it should always 
be such, as the ground between them may be dug 
and kept clean. When the larger kinds are planted, 
as the drumhead, &c., two and a half feet between 
the rows, and about two feet between each plant, 
will be required; while for the York and smaller 
kinds, eighteen inches between the rows, and a foot 
or fifteen inches between each plant will be suffi¬ 
cient. The ground around the plants should be 
constantly kept loose and free from weeds as long 
as it can be done without disturbing or injuring the 
leaves. 
The knobs or clubs that are often formed on the 
Harper & Brothers, Publishers. 
roots of cabbages are thought to be caused by in¬ 
sects, and may be prevented by putting wood-ashes 
into the holes at the time of planting. 
HOW TO MAKE GOOD VINEGAR. 
Common household vinegar is usually obtained 
from wine, cider, beer, malt, fermented sugar, mo¬ 
lasses, &c., the alcohol contained in them being 
converted into acetic acid by the absorption of 
oxygen, which is more or less intermixed with gum, 
sugar, and other vegetable matter. The principal 
requisites necessary to form any of these substances 
into good vinegar, are, contact with the air of any 
temperature between 70° and 80° F., the presence 
of alcohol, and the addition of some extraneous 
vegetable matter to promote the acetous fermenta¬ 
tion. 
Pure, unadulterated cider-vinegar, reduced to a 
proper strength, is considered the best for general 
use in this country, and is always attainable by 
those who possess apple-orchards, or cider of their 
own, and should be more abundantly supplied in 
market than it is. An excellent article may be made 
by putting away good strong cider, without adding 
anything to it, in one or more substantial casks in 
a warm place under cover, with the bung-holes 
open, but covered with fine gauze, in order to ad¬ 
mit the air, and there let it gradually undergo the 
necessary fermentation. If the casks are frequently 
shaken, and their contents occasionally drawn from 
one to another, the process is hastened. When fit 
for use, a small portion of the vinegar should be 
drawn from each cask, and its place supplied with 
a like quantity of cider that is fresh. In large es¬ 
tablishments the operation may be carried on with 
a number of casks at once, worked in pairs, by 
commencing with one filled with good vinegar and 
another of the same capacity filled with pure cider. 
