ROAD MANURE.'—SUGAR OF MILK.-SATURATION OF LIQUIDS.--A BOG-CUTTER. 
219 
phur, well incorporated by stirring. Sprinkle a 
table-spoonful of clear sulphur in the bottom of 
the holes, and then plant the trees in the usual way. 
In order to expel the borer from old trees, I take 
a gimlet, or brace and bit, and bore three or four 
small holes in each tree near the ground, and fill 
them with flour of sulphur, with the aid of a quill. 
I also remove the earth from about the roots of the 
trees, as far as they are attacked by the worms; 
then apply the mixture of oil and sulphur as directed 
for young trees, replace the earth, and the process 
is complete. 
Both of these modes are cheap, easy in their ap¬ 
plication, and as far as I have tried them, have 
proved effectual. B. F. Ward, 
Butts Co .» Ga., May 8, 1847. 
ROAD MANURE. 
Turnpikes, and roads in general, are formed by 
running a plow along their sides, and after the earth 
is loosened by several furrows, it is scraped into 
the middle of the highway by oxen or horse-power, 
leaving a ditch or gutter at each side two or three 
feet wide and from one to two feet deep. These 
ditches are often completely filled up with fine, 
rich mould (commonly black), which is highly sur¬ 
charged with the very essence of the road and of 
the adjacent grounds, having been washed thither 
by melting snows and teeming showers of rain. 
If the gutters are level, or only of a gentle descent, 
they will require no attention in order to retain the 
manure; hut if the water flows through them with 
a rapid current, it will be necessary to make small 
dams across them every few rods to prevent the es¬ 
cape of the sediment that drags along their bottoms. 
There is an objection, however, for the farmer to 
interfere in this manner with any public highway, 
as it would render him liable to prosecution and the 
payment of all damages which might accrue. If 
he could obtain permission, from proper authority, 
to deposit an equal volume of good gravel for every 
load of manure he might take away, the difficulty 
would be removed, and he could enrich his land at 
his own expense. J. S. 
Sussex Co., N. May 7th, 1847. 
How to make Sugar of Milk.-— The mode of 
preparing this salt by the Swiss cowherds of the 
Alps, is, first to separate all the caseous and oily 
parts of the milk until nothing is left but pure 
whey. This is clarified by boiling until it is re¬ 
duced to about one-fourth of its bulk ; then it is 
poured into wooden or earthen pans, and put away 
in some place to cool. In a short time the saccha¬ 
rine or sugary particles crystallize, the watery part 
is gently and slowly poured off, and the sugar is 
placed on sheets of brown paper to dry. W hen 
taken in moderate quantities, this salt is considered 
by the Swiss doctors as a most excellent detergent 
to purify the blood, and a radical cure for the most 
inveterate cutaneous complaints. 
Saturation of Liquids. —No liquid can combine 
with, nor take up, more than a certain quantity of 
any solid or aeriform body; the point at which 
this action ceases is called saturation. Thus, water 
will only take up a certain known weight of alum, 
sugar, salt, &c. 
. A BOG-CUTTER. 
I send you herewith a drawing of the bog- cutter 
which I described to you, and which has been used 
with great success in this neighborhood. The 
drawings, I believe, are sufficient to explain to a 
mechanic its structure, hut I subjoin a few explana¬ 
tions. 
L, is a solid beam of oak 14 inches square, and 
curved at one end like a sled-runner. 
B, is a solid beam of oak 6 inches square, to 
hold the knife K, which acts as a plow-coulter, and 
with the knife S, on tlie outer edge of the beam I, 
cuts the bog on both sides, so as to enable the 
knife C, to pare and lift it. 
H, is a handle of stiff wood, two feet long, let into 
B, by bearing on, or lifting which, the machine is 
made to work deep, or is relieved of its burden of 
bogs. 
In fig. 50, the letter M, represents a hole bored or 
