CULTURE OF THE SUGAR-CANE. 
241 
Still another buttock or glutceus muscle not seen 
in the cut starts from the ilium, and proceeding to 
the thigh bone, is there attached. 
These muscles, having an important office, are 
large, and are attached to a large surface. They are 
placed to act at a right angle nearly, the direction of 
greatest power. When the thigh is brought under 
the body, these muscles extend the haunch for¬ 
ward, and thus propel the body; and for this pur¬ 
pose the great glutceus is the most powerful. 
e. At e is seen the double headed muscle of the 
thigh, at the rear outer part of the thigh. It is very 
prominent, and easily traced through the skin. It 
arises from the bones of the back, from the bones 
near the root of tail, from the hip bone, and some 
of the bones of the pelvis. It has two divisions 
acting in opposite ‘directions. The one extends the 
thigh backwards, the other projects it forward. 
/. Here lies a muscle (called comb-like). It forms 
the hind curve and volume of the thigh, and con¬ 
tributes much to its bulk. It is an extending mus¬ 
cle, and one of the most powerful. It lifts and bends 
the leg. 
g is a tendinous expansion connecting with mus¬ 
cles on the inside of the thigh at its lower end near 
the hock, which acts to bind and strengthen all the 
muscles which it overlies in its own part of the 
quarter. 
h is an extending muscle of the leg. 
* i is the external part of the straight muscle of the 
thigh. It springs from the outer surface of the 
thigh bone, and is inserted into the upper part of the 
bone of the stifle. It is of great size, and occupies 
all the outside of the forepart of the thigh from the 
stifle upwards. It is an extensor of the thigh, and 
the leg generally. It does not act to advantage, on 
account of the angle of its direction, but it is large, 
and so becomes powerful. 
j is a powerful muscle springing from the head of 
the thigh bone and from the middle of the bone of 
the leg, and inserted by a tendon into the point of 
the hock. It extends the hock. 
k is a slender muscle arising from the head of the 
splinter bone; it proceeds over the other external 
muscle of the part, and becoming a tendon near the 
hock, unites with the tendon of the perforating 
muscle. 
m is another extending muscle. It springs from 
the splinter bone. Near the hock it becomes tendon, 
and passing over it, is attached to the bones of the 
foot. It acts with other muscles to raise the foot and 
bring it forward under the body. 
n is an important muscle, being the principal ex¬ 
tending one of the hind leg.’ At its upper end it is 
a flat tendon ; passing over the leg bone it becomes 
fleshy, and again changes to tendon, and joining m 
goes down in front of the hock, and continuing 
down is inserted into the bones of the foot. It as¬ 
sists to bend the hock, as well as extend the foot. 
o is the extending muscle of the foot. It begins 
at the upper end of the bone of the leg. It is a large 
round tendon at the hock, and it enters a groove at 
the back of the hock. It is the perforating flexor 
muscle of the hind leg, and passes down the back 
of the leg and attaches itself to the pastern and fet¬ 
lock. It assists in bending the pastern and fetlock. 
p gives the course of the outside arteries and 
veins. 
q shows the course of the principal nerves, 
r. At r are muscular bands which hold all the ten¬ 
dons firmly in their place on the hock. 
Our next cut will exhibit the muscles of the in¬ 
ner side of the thigh, and will finish our view of 
the bones and muscles of the horse. 
CULTURE OP THE SUGAR-CANE. 
There are three varieties of the sugar-cane cul¬ 
tivated in the United States. The Creole was first 
raised in Louisiana by the immigrants from the West 
India Islands. It is the smallest, but yields the 
richest and most valuable juice. The Otaheite was 
introduced into Georgia early during the present cen¬ 
tury, from the Sandwich Islands, and within a few 
years after, was carried from that State into Louis¬ 
iana. It produces a large, luxuriant stalk, yielding 
profusely in juice, which is, however, much infe¬ 
rior in quality to that from the Creole . The blue- 
ribbon, brought to this country from Jamaica, sub¬ 
sequent to both the others, is beautifully variegated 
with regular longitudinal stripes of blue and yellow, 
alternating in direction between each joint. It 
yields a juice of medium quantity and quality ; but 
being by far the hardiest, it has usurped almost the 
entire sugar plantations of this State. Each of 
these varieties has undoubtedly originated in the 
East Indies, where the cane has been cultivated from 
time immemorial. 
It w r as formerly the practice to plant the cane in 
rows, from 2J to 4 feet apart, and it is perhaps 
owing to this, and the careless system of culture, 
that the Creole may have degenerated and become 
the pigmy plant we now see it. A more rational 
system has been adopted for many years, by the 
most intelligent planters, and by them the rows are 
seldom permitted to be nearer than 8 feet. This is 
attended with many advantages. The rows con- 
} tain three, and in some instances four parallel lines of 
plants, which furnish a greater number of stalks 
per acre than the more closely planted. They af¬ 
ford room for burying the trash (the worthless tops 
cut from the cane in the fall and destitute of saccha¬ 
rine matter), and the bagasse (the residuum of the 
cane after expressing the juice), between the rows, 
where it can lie undisturbed in the soil till decom¬ 
posed. The sun and air have free access through 
the field, both of which are of vital importance in 
giving the fullest development to the plants; and 
finally, they allow of the use of the two-horse 
plow, by which a deeper furrow is made, the grass 
and weeds are more effectually turned under and 
destroyed, and a more thorough pulverization of the 
soil is effected, all of which is accomplished with 
the same expenditure of the animal, and with half 
that of the human labor employed with the single 
horse. Where deep plowing is not required to be 
repeated, but the destruction of weeds and grass is 
the only object sought, the greater width of the 
rows permits the use of the three-share plow, or a 
large steel-tooth or other cultivator,* by which one 
laborer will get over six acres in a day instead of 
two only with the plow. In fields suited to it, this 
practice has been adopted, the present season, with 
* The steel-tooth cultivator is a new and very superior article, 
admirably adapted for cane as well as all other kinds of culture. 
It can be had at our agricultural, ware-house, 187 Water sfe.-— 
Price $7. 50. Ed. 
