AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
103 
this country, on the subject of Pomology. All 
Horticultural, Agricultural, and other kindred 
associations, of North America, are therefore re¬ 
quested to send such number of delegates to 
this Convention, as they may deem expedient. 
Pomologists, nurserymen, and all others in¬ 
terested in the cultivation of good fruit, are also 
invited to attend the coming session. 
Among the objects of this Society, are the fol¬ 
lowing : 
To ascertain, from practical experience, the 
relative value of varieties in different parts of 
our widely-extended country. To hear the re¬ 
ports of the various State Fruit Committees, and 
from a comparison of results, to learn what fruits 
are adapted to general cultivation; what varie¬ 
ties are suitable for particular localities; what 
new varieties give promise of being worthy of 
dissemination; and especially, what varieties 
are generally inferior or worthless, in all parts 
of the Union. 
In order to facilitate these objects, and to col¬ 
lect and diffuse a knowledge of researches and 
discoveries in the science of Pomology, members 
and delegates are requested to contribute speci¬ 
mens of the fruits of their respective districts; 
also papers descriptive of their art of cultivation ; 
of diseases and insects injurious to vegetation ; 
of remedies for the same, and whatever may add 
to the interest and utility of the Association. 
The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has 
generously offered to provide accommodations 
for the Society, and also to publish its proceed¬ 
ings free of expense. 
All packages of fruit intended for exhibition, 
may therefore be addressed as follows: “ For 
the American Pomological Society, Horticultural 
Hall, School street, Boston, Massachusetts,” 
where a committee will be in attendance to take 
charge of the same. 
All societies to be represented, will please for¬ 
ward certificates of their several delegations, to 
the President of the American Pomological So¬ 
ciety, at Boston. 
Marshall P. Wilder, President. 
H. W. S. Cleveland, Secretary. 
Boston, Mass., rfpril 1 , 1854 . 
CINCINNATI HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
We find in the proceedings of this Society, as 
reported in the Commercial, that at the meeting 
held on the loth inst., the following action was 
had on the Strawberry question : 
The Secretary, at the request of the Society, 
reported a written statement of how he found 
the Strawberry question in Philadelphia ; after 
some animated discussion, it was moved to ac¬ 
cept and file the report, and the Finality was 
ordered to appear in the minutes of the day. 
FINALITY ON TnE STRAWBERRY. 
Wild or cultivated, the Strawberry presents 
in its varieties, four distinct forms or characters 
of inflorescence. 
First. Those called Pistillate , from the fact 
that the stamens are abortive, are rarely to be 
found without a dissection of the flower. These 
require extrinsic impregnation. 
Second. Those called Staminate, which are 
perfectly destitute of even the rudiments of pis¬ 
tils, and are necessarily fruitless. 
Third. Those called Hermaphrodite, or per¬ 
fect, having both sets of organs, stamens, and 
pistiles, apparently well developed. These are 
not generally good and certain bearers, as we 
should expect them to be. With few excep¬ 
tions they bear poorly, owing to'some unobserved 
defect, probably in the pistiles. One-tenth of 
their flowers generally produce perfect and often 
very large berries. 
Fourth. A rare class—a sort of sub-division of 
the preceding, has not only hermaphrodite 
flowers, but also some on the same truss that 
are of the pistillate character; and sometimes, 
in the same plant, a truss will be seen, on which 
all the flowers are pistillate. 
Now these four divisions are natural and real ; 
they are also founded upon permanent charac¬ 
ters, so far as we have been able to discover, 
after a most thorough investigation, extending 
through a long series of years, during which 
millions of strawberry blossoms have been ex¬ 
amined with the severest scrutiny. Other forms 
may exist, and it is not claimed to be impossible 
that we may yet find a seedling which shall 
have the general character of a pistillate, that 
may show an occasional perfect or hermaphro¬ 
dite flower, as a peculiarity of that individual, 
but we have never yet observed such a variety; 
and further, we believe, that whatever impress, 
as to peculiarities of foliage, pubescence, habit, 
inflorescence, or fruit, each distinct seedling may 
receive with its origin, it will be retained in its 
increase by runners, so long as the variety re¬ 
mains extant. Seedlings may vary from the 
parent, but off-shoots will not be materially dif¬ 
ferent, except by accidental malformation or by 
development of unimportant organs. On mo¬ 
tion, adjourned. 
John. A. Warder, Secretary. 
AMERICA AS A FIELD FOR GARDENERS. 
The following communication gives us an 
Englishman’s view of the prospects of garden¬ 
ers who emigrate to this country. This article 
was called out by a former one, which took a 
different view" of the matter. We were convers¬ 
ing recently with a gardener from England, who 
has been in this country for a few years past, 
and whose observation corresponded with the 
views of this article. He said the great attract¬ 
ion in this country for gardeners from Europe, 
was the prospect of becoming themselves own¬ 
ers of a plot of ground to cultivate and dwell 
upon; a hope, few or none could cherish else¬ 
where, especially in Great Britain. We give 
the article as we find it in the Gardeners' 
Chronicle, and leave further comment upon it 
to the numerous intelligent gardeners, who have 
adopted this country as a field for exercising 
their profession. 
Since this subject began to be agitated in 
your columns, I have learned that two or three 
young men in this neighborhood have resolved 
to cross the Atlantic in the course of a few 
weeks. It is likely enough that some elsewhere 
have determined on going to America, and the 
probability is, that many are halting between 
two opinions. I have sought information on 
the subject from parties in this country and 
others in America, as in my opinion it is a very 
important matter, for there are hundreds and 
thousands of gardeners in this country who 
must, in the nature of things, meet with disap¬ 
pointment here, have their hopes blasted, and 
spend their days on earth in penury and toil. 
The market is over-stocked. A gentleman who 
lately advertised for a person to manage his 
garden and ground, informed a correspondent 
of mine, that he was “ for many days literally 
overwhelmed with applications.” A friend and 
brother gardener of mine, holding a first-rate 
situation in Scotland, and much respected for 
his moral worth and professional attainments, 
informs me that most of the young gardeners 
who left this place for America had considera¬ 
ble experience—some of course better qualified 
than others ; but the best places have not uni¬ 
formly fallen into the hands of the best men, 
which not unfrequently happens in this coun¬ 
try, as well as in America. In the Northern 
States, the average rate of wages may be about 
£70 or £80 a year, with board in some cases, in 
others, house fuel, and perquisites. In the 
Southern States, the wages are much higher, 
but in summer the climate is unhealthy there. 
In general, however, much money has been 
realized by those only, who have embarked in 
business as nurserymen, florists, or market gar¬ 
deners. One man who left me in 1830, was 
landed at New-York with only Is. in his pocket; 
was employed there, and soon got a situation in 
the south, where he saved money enough to 
enable him to start or open a seed and general 
store in Charlestown. When he visited this 
country some five or six years ago, he told me 
that he could then retire from business with £7C0 
a year to live on. My friend, Mr.-, florist, 
New-York, (one of the first who left this for 
America,) is now carrying on a profitable trade 
there. His heart, however, appears to be in 
Scotland, for, in a letter I had very recently from 
him he says that he has a great desire to spend 
the evening of his days in this country, and 
that he could afford to buy a piece of ground 
large enough to build a house upon, make a gar¬ 
den, keep a cow, and have at least £150 a year 
to live on. He mentions, however, that young 
people only should go to America, as those ad¬ 
vanced in life rarely like it, while young folks 
are likely to become acclimatized, and, as I sup¬ 
pose, “ yankeeized.” I could make other ex¬ 
tracts of an encouraging nature from this letter 
from Scotland; but I hasten to notice the cases 
of two of my wdfe’s brothers, who were plow¬ 
men or farm-servants in Holderness, in Yorkshire, 
before they went to America. Of course they 
knew nothing more of gardening than other 
farm-men, but they both got situations as gar¬ 
deners on their arrival in America, John, the 
eldest, crossed the Atlantic 12 or 14 years ago. 
He kept his first situation 2 or 3 years, and then 
he left it for a better at Enfield, Hartford county, 
where he had a great number of men under 
him. As soon as he could count over 1000 dol¬ 
lars of his own, he left his situation and went 
to the town of Urbana, in the State of Ohio; 
there he commenced the nursery business, ancl 
is succeeding well. His younger brother, David, 
went to America in 1852, and engaged himself 
as a gardener to a gentleman at Urbana for 7 
dollars a week; but whether he had board or 
not, I cannot say. Unfortunately for David, his 
sweetheart left England the same year, and -went 
to the State of Illinois. Well, at the termina¬ 
tion of his twelve months’ engagement, he gave 
up his situation, in order to go to Illinois ; but 
he found considerable difficulty in getting away, 
as his employer was most anxious for him to 
remain. On the 14th of last month he wrote 
to us from Paris, Edgar county, where he is now 
working on a farm. His w T ages are 15 dollars a 
month, with board and washing, “ But,” he 
adds “I think I shall not work at farming after 
this winter, unless it be for myself, as I can 
get more wages at gardening, which is much 
prettier work. Take one thing with another I 
like America much better than England, as the 
people here are not proud ; and it is a man’s 
principle, not his money, that makes him a gen¬ 
tleman.” As my letter is much swelled by 
these extracts, I shall reserve my “comments 
and counsels,” till another occasion.—A. Petti¬ 
grew, Woodside Gardens. 
- *9 *- 
Tobacco—Short Cut and Pig Tail. —The 
entire tobacco crop of the United States for the 
year 1850, amounted to 200,000,000 lbs., or 
about 200,000 lihds., the average value of which 
was sixteen million dollars. Of this, 31,000 
hhds., or nearly one-half of the entire product 
were consumed in the United States. 
In 1840 the average consumption to each per¬ 
son was 2 lbs. 12 oz.; in 1850, 3 lbs. 8 oz. 
A German statistician, who has given his 
mind to the subject, says, the “liquor” extracted 
from the tobacco by chewers is so great, that if 
they could all spit into the crater at once, they 
would extinguish the fires of iEtna. 
•-* ••- 
The Tallest Yet. —Mr. J. Bonner, of Lowell, 
writes to the Lowell Hetvs, that while on a visit 
to Andover, he saw a stalk of corn nineteen feet 
high and it had fourteen ears of corn on it. 
When you go into a crowd, always pick your 
own pockets before you leave home. 
