AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST 
197 
New-York, at this city, in October, 1851, and in 
which the plaintiff obtained a verdict of over 
$17,000, the Supreme Court of the United 
States has, on a writ of error, reversed the 
judgment, by a vote of 3 to 4, and decided, 1st: 
That where a patent is for a part of a machine, 
the rest of the machine being public property, 
the patentee is entitled to recover damages only 
for the value of that part, and not for the value 
of the entire machine embracing that part; and 
2d; That where a defendant infringes a patent 
by making and selling the pretended thing, the 
patentee is entitled to recover as damages, not 
the profits of manufacturing the patented thing, 
but only the patent fee for it .—Albany Journal. 
-- 
THE FRENCH EXHIBITION FOR 1855. 
We find the following in the Moniteur. 
The war in the East will neither prevent nor 
delay the pacific manifestation to which the 
Emperor has invited all the nations of the world. 
The progress of intelligence no longer permits 
one state, whatever it may be, to stop the oth¬ 
ers in the accomplishment of their destinies. 
All civilized nations understand this. France, 
therefore, notwithstanding the preoccupations 
of this war, has not for a moment ceased to 
prepare herself for the universal competition of 
1855 any more than she has interrupted her na¬ 
tional works. At the same time that she com¬ 
pletes her railways, her canals and her ports— 
while she improves and renders more healthy 
her capital and her large cities, and constructs 
dwellings for her working classes — she is mak¬ 
ing every arrangement to give a proper welcome 
to the nations who will next year visit her from 
every part of the globe. 
These nations have not only responded to her 
call, but their declarations and their prepara¬ 
tions announce that, with one exception, they 
will all be faithful to the appointment. The 
Imperial decree instituting the Universal Exhi¬ 
bition is dated the 8th March, 1853. On the 
26th March the Minister of Foreign Affairs no¬ 
tified it to all the governments, and on the 31st 
of the same month the Ministers of War and 
Marine made it known to French Africa, and 
our colonies. On the 8th of April a circular of 
the Minister of Commerce requested the pre¬ 
fects to invite the efficacious cooperation of all 
the chambers of commerce, and in the latter 
end of May the Moniteur published the replies 
and. the adhesions of the departments and of 
foreign governments. In order to complete the 
idea of the Emperor, a fresh decree of the 22d 
of June connected the Universal Exhibition of 
the Fine Arts with that of agricultural and 
manufactured productions, and" the decree of 
the 24th of December instituted a commission, 
composed of the most competent men, and 
charged, under the presidency of Prince Napo¬ 
leon, to regulate the ensemble and the details of 
the universal exhibition. 
_ The experience of previous national exhibi¬ 
tions, and the documents relating to the univer- 
versal exhibitions of London, Dublin, and New- 
York, have furnished to the Imperial Commis¬ 
sion some valuable information, of which it has 
known how to take advantage. Penetrated 
with the importance of his mission, and with 
the responsibility which it imposed on him, the 
Prince formed a sub-commission, with which 
he could prepare all the measures necessary to 
secure the success of the great enterprise. Or¬ 
ganization of the central administration, internal 
and general regulations, constitution of native 
and foreign committees, 'general and special in¬ 
structions for France, for the colonies, and for 
other nations, appropriation of the space which 
is to be filled by the different productions of ag¬ 
riculture, industry and the arts—all these pre¬ 
paratory labors the Prince was desirous to bring 
to a termination before he started for the East, 
to share in the dangers and in the glory of our 
soldiers. 
The decrees, regulations, and instructions re¬ 
lative to the universal exhibition are now circu¬ 
lated in all parts of France and of the world; 
and already committees have been organized, or 
are on the point of being so, in the greater 
number of our departments. The first marks 
of sympathy which the announcement of this 
measure obtained abroad are every day con¬ 
firmed by fresh acts of adhesion. Among these 
acts there are none more significant than the 
local exhibitions, which are, as it were, so many 
preparations for the universal one. The Grand 
Duke of Tuscany has anticipated by one year, 
the exhibition of industry which was to have 
taken place in his states in 1855, in order that 
it might not clash with that of France. Spain 
has done the same for her quinquennial exhibi¬ 
tion. The King Regent of Portugal has just 
organized commissions of industry and of the 
fine arts, as well as auxiliary committees, in the 
provinces, islands and colonies of his kingdom; 
he has made the most pressing appeal to manu¬ 
facturers and to artists, and has ordered that an 
exhibition shall take place at Lisbon, prepara¬ 
tory to that in Paris. 
All Germany has sent her productions to the 
semi-universal exhibition which is to open at 
Munich on the 1st of May. From 4,000 to 
5,000 exhibitors arc reckoned on; the most 
liberal measures have been adopted by the Ger¬ 
man government for the success of this exhibi¬ 
tion, the most remarkable articles of which will 
doubtless figure in the Great French Exhibition. 
It is known that Belgium is also preparing an 
exhibition of the fine arts for the same object. 
The cooperation of Holland, as well as that of 
the United States, is assured to us. Lastly, 
England is preparing to return with eclat our 
visit of 1851. Two delegates of the English 
government have just arrived in Paris, to come 
to an understanding with the Imperial Commis¬ 
sion on all points connected with the produc¬ 
tions which Great Britain is to send to the Uni¬ 
versal Exhibition. In this immense competi¬ 
tion of all nations, the government relies with 
confidence on the zeal and skill of our manu¬ 
facturers and of our artists to support worthy 
their reputation and the glory of the country. 
CLAIMS OF AGRICULTURAL PATENTS, 
FOR THE M r EEK ENDING MAY 23, 1854. 
Clover Harvester. —T. S. Steadman, of 
Murray, N. Y.: I claim, first, the arrangement 
of the cutters in combination with the comb 
operating in the manner and for the purposes 
described. 
Second, the rake, in combination with the 
cutter, as described. 
Process for Treating Hemp. —L. C. Suggett, 
of Lexington, Ky.: I claim, first, the applica¬ 
tion of salt or other saline substance to the 
steep water, in order to enable the removal and 
separation of the gum at the most advantageous 
condition of the lint or harl in regard to tough¬ 
ness and pliancy, and before the induration of 
the gum about the fibers, without endangering 
the strength of the latter by decay. 
Second, the saturation of the fiber and expul¬ 
sion of its moisture by immersion in boiling tar, 
pitch, or oil, for the purpose of more thorough 
and intimate application of the preserving sub¬ 
stance to the fibers, preliminary to their conver¬ 
sion into twine or cordage. 
Hydraulic Ram.— J. C. Strode, of West 
Chester, Pa.: I claim, first, the arrangement of 
the tube, in combination with the upper part of 
the puppet valve chamber and with the air 
chamber, as described. 
Second, the arrangement of four tubes in 
combination with the top of the puppet valve 
chamber, as described. 
Cheese Hoops.— John Beach, of De Ruyter, 
N. Y.: I claim the method described, of fast¬ 
ening and unfastening the hoop by means of 
the roller and hinged hasp—constructed, ar¬ 
ranged, and operating together, and in combi¬ 
nation with the hinged halves of the hoop, for 
the purpose set forth, and whereby great facil¬ 
ity and expedition is insured in the operation of 
the clasp, the tightening action of the clasp 
made effective and durable, and the hoop re¬ 
tained from springing or flying open when pres¬ 
sure is applied to the interior thereof, as speci¬ 
fied. 
Pump Valve. —Lewis A. Miles, of Hopkins¬ 
ville, Ohio : I claim the valve united by a dou¬ 
ble hinge to the chamber, in combination with 
the tongue, which projecting from the pivot, 
bears against the top of the valve in rising, and 
insures its even action upon the seat in falling, 
as explained, in combination or otherwise with 
the closing spring, as described. 
Excavator for Fence Posts. —R. P. Adams, 
of Clinton, Ill.: I claim the arrangement of the 
drill gearing and clutch upon and within a frame, 
pivoted to, and adjustable upon, the sliding and 
adjustable platform, as set'forth. 
I also claim making said sliding platform ad¬ 
justable upon and pivoted to a fixed frame upon 
a traveling carriage in the manner set forth. 
Re-issue. 
Harvesters. —William II. Seymour and Day- 
ton S. Morgan, of Rockport, N. Y., (Assignees 
of Nelson Platt, formerly of Ottawa, Ill.:) Pa¬ 
tent dated originally June 15, 1854. What is 
claimed as the invention of the said Nelson 
Platt, is, first, The combination of a series of 
removable cutters with the links of an endless 
revolving chain which carries them successively 
into contact with the grain or grass to be cut, 
substantially as described, whether the cutters 
be contiguous or placed.at intervals on the chain. 
Second, making one end of each cutter sharp, 
in order that by pressing against the adjacent 
end of the next cutter, straw, grass, or other 
intervening obstructions may be cut in two, and 
allowed to pass out, the cutters thus freeing 
themselves from obstructions which otherwise 
might either choke or break them. 
Third, making the cutters narrower at one 
end than the other, so that as they are carried 
forward by the chain in a straight line, they 
may present a series of inclined cutting edges, 
against which the stalks of grain or grass are 
pressed by the reel, or the progress of the ma¬ 
chine until served, by which arrangement of 
the cutting edges, their efficiency is greatly in¬ 
creased. 
Fourth, I claim the employment of a sweep 
or turning rake for the purpose of sweeping the 
grain off the platform in such manner as to de¬ 
posit it upon the ground with its stalks at 
right angles, or thereabouts, to the path of the 
machine. 
Fifth, the method of vibrating a sweep rake, 
and turning its teeth as herein set forth, so as 
to pass over the grain and to seize and sweep it 
off the platform, whether the devices employed 
to effect these movements be such as described, 
or others equivalent thereto. 
Sixth, the method of holding a sweep rake 
firmly with its teeth at the proper distance 
above the platform, by a latch, or the equivalent 
thereof, which operating with greater certainty 
than a weight, spring, or other fastening, not 
rigid, more effectually prevents the rake teeth 
from rising, so as to over-ride the grain, and at 
the same time avoids the necessity of moving a 
heavy weight, or overcoming the tension of a 
strong spring in elevating the rake preparatory 
to its retrograde stroke. 
Seventh, the construction and arrangement of 
a sweep rake and the mechanism for operating 
it, in such a manner that it is carried back and 
forth and raised and lowered without support 
at the outer end, thereby rendering it less liable 
to become entangled with the grain and clogged 
or broken. 
Eighth, the method of changing the frequency 
of the alternations of the rake or other device 
for discharging the grain by means of the 
wheels and pinions, or other equivalent devices, 
for producing a different movement, for the pur¬ 
pose of varying the size of the sheaves as may 
be required, as set forth.— Scientific American. 
-- 
The great race between the night-mare and 
the clothes-ftom came off a short time since. 
