258 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
have been added for trial, making at least 150 
varieties under cultivation here. Adjoining 
these is an apple orchard, also abounding with 
the finest varieties. Most of these trees are 
looking extremely well, and the pears we found 
quite free from the blight. As soon as this dis 
ease begins to blacken the bark, Mr. Haines 
carefully shaves it olf, then plasters it with a 
mortar, made of equal parts of clay and cow- 
dung, tempered to a proper consistency with 
water. He then winds the trunk with a straw 
band, which is allowed to remain till it rots off. 
With this treatment the trees recover rapidly. 
Remedy for Mildew on Gooseberries. —The 
favorite variety we found cultivated here, is 
Woodward’s Whitesmith; and we never saw 
bushes more loaded with fruit, even in old 
England. It was also plump and fair, and quite 
free from the mildew. Mr. Haines’ remedy for 
this, is to remove the earth from around the 
roots, thickly mulch with salt meadow hay, and 
then cover it with the earth. He has tried manj 
other methods of keeping off the mildew, but 
this is the only one which has been generally 
successful. 
The Farms. —The cultivation of these is di 
vided between the sons of Mr. H., Messrs. Ben¬ 
jamin and 0. Stewart Haines. Their crops are 
usually about 20 acres of corn, 20 of potatoes, 
20 of oats, 50 of upland, and 50 of salt meadow; 
the remainder of the land is in small patches ol 
rye, carrots, ruta baga, sugar beet, and large 
pastures. The cultivation is similar to that ol 
the best Jersey farmers. As they now have a 
large, fine stock of cattle and horses, nearly all 
this produce, with the exception of the potatoes, 
is consumed on the farm. This enables them to 
make a large quantity of stable manure, which, 
with the purchase and application of a little 
guano and ashes occasionally, is steadily in¬ 
creasing the fertility of their soil, and enlarging 
the acreable production of the farms. 
We noticed very few division fences on their 
farms, which is a great saving of time and 
money. Keeping up numerous division fences 
is the most onerous tax which farmers pay. 
We consider them a positive curse to the coun¬ 
try, and it is the most ridiculous thing imagin¬ 
able for farms to be so cut up with them. 
They encumber the land, harbor weeds and ver¬ 
min, and often cost, within a half century, in 
making and keeping them in repair, more than 
the land, without its buildings, is worth. 
Stoclc. —With great spirit and liberality, the 
Messrs. Haines have now got together a fine 
herd of Short-horn cattle, which have been se¬ 
lected with special reference to their milking 
qualities. They purchased of Mr. Jackson, of 
Astoria, his superb bull Astoria, and several 
cows. This bull was bred by Mr. Sheafe, of 
Dutchess County, and was got by his imported 
bull Duke of Exeter, (10,152.) He took the 
first prize at the American Institute Cattle 
Show in New-York, as a calf, as a yearling, and 
as a two year old. He has a very fine head, 
horn, eye, neck, and shoulder, is full in the 
crops, possesses great width of brisket, and is of 
noble presence. We well recollect him when 
first dropped, a handsome but small calf. We 
had no idea he would grow up to be so large and 
grand a bull. But there he stands now, to show 
for himself, one of the finest, and most imposing 
bulls in front, we ever looked at. The next 
bull is a yearling, Vane Tempest 2d. He is 
large of his age, and is very fine, with excellent 
quality, such as characterizes almost every 
thing that has a dash of Princess tribe blood in 
its veins. He will be a superb animal when 
full grown. His sire is Col. Sherwood’s im¬ 
ported Vane Tempest, bred by Mr. Stephenson, 
of Durham, England; his dam, Nymph 2d, by 
3d Duke of Cambridge (5941.) These for the 
present are the stock bulls. 
The cows are all great milkers, being selected 
with special reference to this desirable quality. 
Hope, the two Nymphs, and Creampot 6th, are 
rather extraordinary. Either of them will give 
from 24 to 30 quarts per day in the best of their 
season. Of the cows, Nymph 2d, is the most 
showy, and one of the most superb animals in 
America. She is out of Nymph, by Bertram 2d, 
and got by the 3d Duke of Cambridge, (5941,) 
Ored by Mr. Bates, of Yorkshire, England, and 
imported by Messrs. Sherwood & Stevens. She 
has a heifer calf, four months old, by Vane 
Tempest, which we consider as near perfection 
as any thing we have seen for a long time. It 
has great style and constitution, good size, fine 
limbs and handling. Here are five things 
rarely united. We have not seen Vane Tem¬ 
pest since a calf, and have heard some fault 
found with him since full grown—principally 
in his manner of standing, walking, &c.—but 
if he gets such stock as this of Mr. Haines, he 
should be highly prized in Kentucky, where he 
is now used. It is not always the most 
showy-looking males, which prove the best 
stock getters. For our part, we regard blood in 
an animal more than a showy appearance, and 
in this, Vane Tempest has no superior in our 
country, and he ought to be highly prized even 
for his breeding alone. Besides the cows, 
there are several very fine two year old and 
yearling heifer calves, the get of Vane Tem¬ 
pest, Duke of Exeter, and Astoria, such as Sun¬ 
shine, Anna, Pet, &c. The Messrs. Haines have 
made an excellent beginning, and we trust the 
New-Jersey farmers of their neighborhood will 
appreciate this valuable stock, and become in¬ 
terested in it. It costs no more to raise a good 
calf than a poor one, and when grown, the for¬ 
mer is often worth several times as much as the 
latter. 
We found some very good roadster horses 
here, bred in Vermont, of the Morgan and 
Black Hawk breeds. These horses have fine 
action, and are very stylish and fast. One of 
the mares has a horse colt at her foot, which 
is highly promising. We also saw a Ilamble- 
tonian grey gelding, for which Mr. C. S. Haines 
has been offered a large price. He is fast, 
staunch, and fine. A brother of his recently 
sold for $2000, at two years old. 
Pigs. —We also found here a pair of pure 
Chinese pigs, which are the best of the kind we 
have seen in America. They were selected in 
China, by Dr. Green, head surgeon of the Japan 
Exploring Expedition, under Commodore Perry, 
and sent to New-York last winter. They are 
not so handsome in form as the Suffolk, Essex, 
Berkshire, and other of the English improved 
varieties of swine, yet are highly valuable as a 
cross on the native stock of the country. 
Of Poultry the Messrs. H. have a great vari¬ 
ety, from the diminutive little Bantam, no larger 
than a pigeon, up to the great towering Shang¬ 
hai, as large as a good sized turkey. The former 
are of the Black African, Sebright, and English 
varieties; the latter of the Black Spanish, and 
the Shanghai, &c. The winter arrangements 
for these are the best we have ever seen. They 
nave a large cold grapery, divided in the center 
by a partition running from end to end. This 
is then cross divided every few feet, for the pur¬ 
pose of keeping each variety of poultry sepa¬ 
rate. In the back part of the house no grape 
vines are planted, and here are the roosts and 
nests. From this part a door is opened from 
each division, into the front of the grapery 
where the vines grow. The glass in front and 
on the roof keeps the house warm in winter, and 
here the poultry can sun themselves and exer¬ 
cise. Thus they have a warm, well-ventilated 
shelter all winter. The cross divisions sub-di¬ 
vide this part of the grape house, the same as 
where they roost and lay, so that the poultry 
cannot intermix when let out for exercise. 
They benefit rather than injure the grape vines. 
Phis was an entirely new thing to us, and we 
record it for the benefit of those who wish to 
grow a double crop—poultry and grapes. In 
the summer season the eggs and chickens are 
all put out among different farmers to hatch and 
rear. The Messrs. II. pay so much per head for 
these. By this management they rear a large 
number and many varieties of chickens, without 
much trouble or any danger of intermixture. 
The country north and west of the village of 
Elizabethtown, is beautifully rolling and highly 
productive, and there are many excellent farms 
in that region. We intend soon to make an ex¬ 
tended excursion among them, for the purpose 
of obtaining information respecting their meth¬ 
ods of cropping, &c. One of the most profita¬ 
ble crops they raise is rye. Of this they fre¬ 
quently get 20 to 30 bushels per acre, and two 
tons or so of straw. The former is worth $1 
per bushel on an average, and the latter $20 
per ton, sold to the Newark carriage makers for 
packing wheels, &c. Thus a rye crop sells for 
about $45 to $60 per acre. Large quan¬ 
tities of fruit are raised here also. One farmer 
has eleven acres in quinces, another makes a 
great quantity of the choicest champaign cider 
and vinegar, while others excel in different pro¬ 
ductions, which we shall note hereafter. Land 
is still comparatively cheap in that neighbor¬ 
hood ; and it is less than an hour’s ride by rail¬ 
road from the populous city of New-York. 
ON THE SPAYING OF COWS, FOR MILKING 
AND FATTENING PURPOSES. 
The following valuable article is translated 
for the London Veterinarian , from the French 
Veterinarian. We trust cattle breeders will 
read it with attention. The writer asserts that 
spaying heifers after calving, prolongs the milk¬ 
ing period, and augments the annual produc¬ 
tion; and that they may be kept in milk for 
many years. He asserts also, that this opera¬ 
tion is performed without pain or chance of in¬ 
jury to the animal. 
As our population increases, and new wants 
arise, we become sensible of the necessity of 
augmenting and ameliorating the products of 
the earth, especially those serving for the ali¬ 
mentation of man, such as are immediately re¬ 
quired to support his health and strength, and 
which demand the attention of government, and 
every true friend of humanity. Thus it is that 
the spaying of cows becomes at the present day, 
as Professor Bouley says, the creation of a new 
race, sterile for breeding, but productive and 
