CHAP, ill.] TRANSPLANTING. 57 
for them, and the earth pressed round them, 
with the same trowel; the only care ne¬ 
cessary being to make them firm at the root, 
and yet to avoid injuring the tender spon- 
gioles. Gardeners do this with a dibber, 
which they hold in the right hand, and after 
putting in the young plant with the left 
hand, they press the earth round it with the 
dibber in a manner that I never could man- 
age to imitate. I have found the trowel, 
however, do equally well, though it takes up 
rather more time. 
Another use of transplanting is to remove 
trees and shrubs from the nursery to where 
they are permanently to remain. To enable 
this to be done with safety, the trees and 
shrubs in commercial nurseries are prepared 
by being always removed every year, or 
every other year, whether they are sold or 
not. The effect of these frequent removals 
is to keep the roots short, and yet provided 
with numerous spongioles; for as they are 
always pruned on every removal, and as the 
effect of pruning is to induce the roots prun¬ 
ed to send out two short fibrous roots armed 
with spongioles, in the place of every one 
