CHAP. IV.J 
BUDDING. 
87 
by the axils of the leaves, leaving the part of 
the stem pulled off with a tubular or pipe-like 
termination. Hence the name of pipings; 
and when thus separated, they are inserted in 
finely sifted earth or sand, and a hand-glass 
is fixed firmly over them. Most florists cut 
off the tips of the leaves of pipings, but 
others plant them entire; and the pipings 
grow apparently equally well under both 
modes of treatment. 
The principal points to he attended to in 
making cuttings are, to cut off the shoot at 
a joint, without bruising the stem; to make 
the cutting at a time when the sap is in 
motion; to fix the end which is to send out 
roots, firmly in the soil; to keep it in an 
equal temperature both as regards heat and 
moisture; to cut off part of the leaves, and 
to shade the whole, so as to prevent too 
much evaporation, without excluding the 
light, which is wanted to stimulate the 
plant; to keep the soil moist, but not too 
damp; and to pot off the young plants as 
soon as they begin to grow. 
Budding has been compared to sowing a 
seed; but it may rather be considered as 
