268 THE FLOWER-GARDEN, [chap. viii. 
are, Groom’s, Walworth; and Hogg’s, Pad¬ 
dington Green. 
Carnations are propagated by layers and 
cuttings which, as we have before mentioned, 
are called pipings. The layers are made 
when the flowers are in full blossom, and 
several are made at once, as the operation 
frequently kills the old plant, and conse¬ 
quently cannot be practised with advantage 
unless a great many plants are ready to take 
its place. The layers are cut half through 
as usual; and covered half an inch deep with 
mould. As the stalks are very brittle, when 
they are wet and succulent, it is customary 
to place the plant in the sun for about half 
an hour, or an hour, to render it flaccid 
before the layers are made. The layers will 
generally be well rooted in a month or six 
weeks, and will then be ready to be separated 
from the parent plant. The mode of treating 
pipings has been already described. When 
the buds begin to form they are frequently 
tied round with a strand of bast mat, to 
prevent them from bursting; and just as 
they are opening, a bit of paste-board 
curiously cut is slipped under the flower to 
