113 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
Fig. 1- 
Plant Evergreens 
In every place, in all combinations, in belts and 
*n groups; as single trees and in masses ; for 
Hedges and for Avenues; at the entrance and 
upon the Lawn ; for the Prairie and on the rocky 
stpep ; in the deep dark Glen and on the Moun¬ 
tain top: for protection from Wintry winds and 
from Summer's heat; to guard the Nursery of 
tender plants, and the Cattle sheds ; to screen the 
Cottage door or to clamber over the grey Church 
wall; everywhere the tasteful hand may appropri¬ 
ately introduce some plant whose leaves die not 
when the Summer is gone. 
The great diversity of habit, color, size and 
form, affords a wide iange for our choice, enabling 
us to find some evergreen plant fitted for each 
place and purpose. The gigantic Pines, almost 
coeval with the world itself, the graceful feathery 
Hemlock, the unique Firs with narrow needle¬ 
like leaves; the Laurels, Rhododendrons and 
Magnolias of the broad-leaved tribe ; the Shrubs 
and Creepers, Trailers and Climbers, down to the 
never-to-be-despised Mosses. What resources are 
at our command! 
Yes, plant evergreens—but beware ! If you 
are destitute of good taste you will wofully expose 
your destitution here. If you are careless or ig- 
.iorant you can perhaps trifle with other plants, 
but will find yourself rebuked when you plant an 
evergreen. Whether you have a single tree to 
plant in the door-yhrd of a Cottage, or thousands 
upon grand Lawns it is well to know what you 
wish to do and how to do it. 
Regard should always be had, to the habit of the 
* The use of a portion of the engravings in this and fu¬ 
ture articles on this subject, were purchased from the pub¬ 
lisher of a new work on Evergreens described on another 
page of this number 
PINUS PINASTER, OR CLUSTER PINE.* 
tree you are to plant, the hight it will probably at¬ 
tain, and the character of the foliage. To plant a 
White Pine, which in its native habitat grows 100 
to 180 feet high, directly under the windows of a 
small house, on a village lot of 25 feet; or two 
stiff and formal Spruces to stand Summer 
and Winter, as black, spectral sentinels at 
the door; are errors so common that every 
street affords us examples. 
In our last volume, page 108 (May No. 
1857), we gave a list of the best evergreens 
with brief descriptions, usual prices, &c. 
As a majority of our readers have that 
number, and new subscribers specially de¬ 
siring it can get at small cost (10c. post¬ 
paid) we will not take space here to repeat 
that list, but give some further descrip¬ 
tions and illustrations of valuable or beau¬ 
tiful trees. The month of May, in this lat¬ 
itude, we consider the best season for trans¬ 
planting evergreen trees. 
plantation where Pines are admissable should 
be without it,” Its usual hight when full grown 
is from fifty to sixty feet; it grows rapidly and 
has a fine luxuriant clustered foliage of light 
green. It loves a sandy soil or a deep loam 
being disposed to strike its roots deeply. Wet 
or clayey lands will not grow this beautiful tree 
successfully. Where it is planted in gn?<.ps 
with other trees it should be placed on the out¬ 
side of the group, for its light green color and 
strongly marked foliage give the appearance of 
comparative nearness to the spectator. Trees.of 
a darker color and more delicate foliage planted as 
a back ground will aid the perspective by the ap¬ 
pearance of receding from the eye. Vast wastes 
of shifting sands, in various parts of France and 
elsewhere, have been planted with the Cluster 
Pine, and they now yield a large amount of fuel, 
resins, as well as of lumber—the last of course 
inferior in quality. 
THE PINUS SYLYESTRIS, OR SCOTCH PINE. 
This is found in great abundance throughout 
Europe from the Mediterranean to Norway, in 
favorable situations it attains the hight of from 8t‘ 
to 100 feet. The branches are disposed in whorl* 
and have an upward curve; but in old trees be 
come somewhat pendant. The color of the to 
liage is a dark sombre green, though in Summei 
the young shoots give the tree a lively hue. The 
leaves are glaucous and in pairs ; in young trees 
they are from two to three inches long. The 
extensive forests of Scotch Pine in Europe have 
afforded the most valuable timber for civil and 
naval architecture from the time of the Greeks 
and Romans to the present. A single forest in 
Scotland is estimated to have produced 1,250,- 
000 trees. This tree has been extensively culti¬ 
vated in Great Britain to supply the place of the 
natural forests now becoming exhausted. The 
Laplanders and Fins grind the inner bark of this 
Pine, mixed with oatmeal for the purpose of mak¬ 
ing bread. The tall trunks of this tree are con¬ 
sidered the best timber for ship masts. It loves a 
dry soil, will bear exposed situations, and in or- 
THE PINASTER, OR CLUSTER PINE. 
This is named ( pin-aster) from the star¬ 
shaped arrangement of the cqoes upon the 
stem, it is also known by the common 
name of the Cluster Pine. It is a native 
of Southern and Middle Europe, but is 
much cultivated for useful purposes in 
France, and even in England and Ireland. 
Resin, tar and lamp-black are extensively 
manufactured from this tree which is 
grown for this purpose upon sandy lands 
unfit for other plants. In this country it has 
been found hardv, and is being extensively 
introduced for ornamental planting. Of 
this tree Loudon says, “ As an ornamental 
Pine, the Pinaster holds the first rank; and no 
Fig. 2-=-PINUS SYLVE8TRIS, OR SCOTCH PINE. 
I namental planting is best adapted to large group* 
| having a forest or park i,*.e character. 
