162 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
Calendar of Operations for June 1858. 
[We note down sundry kinds of work to be done during 
the month, not so much to afford instruction to practical 
men, as to call to mind the various operations to be at¬ 
tended to. A glance over a table like this will olten sug¬ 
gest some piece of work that might otherwise be forgotten 
or negleeted. Our remarks are more especially adapted 
to the latitudes of 38° to 45° ; but will be equally applica¬ 
ble to points further North and South by making due 
allowance for each degree of latitude, that is, later for 
the North, earlier for the South-! 
Explanations.— / indicates the first; m the middle; 
and l the last of the month.—Doubling the letters thus:# 
or mm or ll, gives particular emphasis to the period indi¬ 
cated.—Two letters placed together, as/m or ml, signifies 
that the work may be done in either or in both periods in¬ 
dicated ; thus, work marked fin indicates that it is to be 
attended to fcom the first to tiie middle of the month. 
FARM. " 
June is emphatically a growing month, both for vegeta¬ 
bles and weeds. Plows, cultivators, horse and hand 
hoes will all be called into i equisition now, to keep down 
-eeds and loosen the soil about growing plants. Some 
f&te crops are yet to be put in and.failures in the corn fields 
need replanting. No spot on the farm should lie waste. 
Plant or sow such spots with some soiling crop, put in 
buckwheat or turnips, anything rather than leave them 
idle to grow pestiferous weeds. We do not believe in the 
'dea that soils need rest. A good coating of manure, deep 
plowing, and clean tillage are the best “ rests ” that ex¬ 
hausted lands can have. 
Towards the latter part of the month the ringing of the 
scythe and the clatter of the mowing machine will be 
heard in the meadows, and hay-making will be the order 
of the day. 
Barley may still be sown, ff, if omitted till now. 
Beans—Plant, ff, any not already in, among corn or by 
themselves. 
Bees send out most of their swarms in June. Watch 
them closely and have hives in readiness to place over 
them as soon as they settle in clusters. See Apiary and 
Wonders of the Bee-Hive, in the present number ; also on 
“ Clustering Bees.” 
Beets—Sow Sugar and Mangel-wurtzel, ff, for stock, 
unless all were put in last month. 
Buckwheat—Sow, 11, or even first of July, that it may 
fill its kernels in thecool weather of Autumn. 
Cabbages—Plow and hoe early ones, ff, m. Plant, m,l, 
among early potatoes and elsewhere for late use. Use 
tobacco dust, lime and ashes sprinkled over the plants to 
keep away insects. 
Carrots—Hoe and thin early. Much after labor may be 
saved and abetter crop secured by taking the carrot tur¬ 
nip, and beet patch in hand before weeds get a start. Thin 
out liberally. Four to six inches apart in the row is near 
enough for carrots. 
Corn—Replant, ff, where insects, crows or blackbirds 
have taken the seed. General planting may also be done 
now. Very good corn was raised last year from grounds 
planted as late as the 10th of June. Put in a good supply 
for Summer feeding of cattle. Plant at intervals of two 
weeks, ff, m, and 1. Plow and hoe former plantings. 
Fences —Do not tempt cattle with poor ones. 
Grain Fields—Select a seed patch and go oter it, f, m, 
removing cockle and other foul stuff. 
Grass—Some fields will need cutting, m, 11, according 
to latitude. Begin eaily,especially if the weather is fine 
and you have no mowing machine. Have a quantity of 
hay caps in readiness for wet weather, and all of your tools 
and wagons or carts in order. 
Hoes should be kept bright by constant usu during most 
of this month. Get the most improved horse hoe and make 
horses do the work of many .men. Push the hoeing, and 
weeding so as to be in readiness for hay and grain, now 
rapidly coming forward. 
Manures—Dig out a portion of the muck swamp before 
haying, and have it, dry for Fall use. Mix lime or ashes 
with the muck if convenient. Keep cattle yards covered 
with muck or loam and scrape up the fresh droppings each 
morning and mix with compost materials under cover. 
Millet—Sow, ff, m, for soiling, and as a grass crop. 
Onions—Hoe, weed, and thin early before the weeds 
get a start. Much after labor will thus be saved. 
Pastures. See article on another page. 
Peas-Sow late crops, ff, previously scalding to destroy 
bugs unless they have left the seed. 
Potatoes—Keep free from weeds but do not use the plow 
among them after they commence blooming. 
Poultry require little attention if running at large, save 
feeding a little grain and collecting eggs. Where it is 
necessary to confine them in buildings or yards it is al¬ 
ways well to let them out for a short time about sundown. 
Keep roosts dusted with plaster, charcoal or muck, scrap¬ 
ing up and barreling the contents frequently for guano. 
See article. 
Pumpkins may yet be planted, ff, either among corn and 
ootatoes or by themselves. We have raised splended 
crops, by sticking the seeds with the thumb and finger, 
over the corn field after a second hoeing even. 
Sheep were probably washed and perhaps sheared last 
month. If not wash, ff, and shear in about ten days after¬ 
ward. 
Sorghum—Drill in a quantity, f, m, for soiling purposes. 
Stock of all Kinds—Seek to improve by saving the best 
calves, lambs, pigs, &c. Why not keep and raise cows 
that will give 24 quarts of milk per day and command $75 
to $80 or even $100, any day rather than beat the same 
cost of keeping those which give 8 to 12, or 15 quarts of in¬ 
ferior milk per day, and which will scarcely bring $30 in 
market. 
Swine—Where there is an orchard or small pasture ac¬ 
cessible, hogs may properly have the range ofit.but by all 
means keep them from the highways and dooryards. If 
shut up, give them weeds, turf, and other green stuff daily, 
keeping their pens and yards well supplied with manure 
absorbents. 
Tanners’ Bark—In hemlock and oak localities bark may 
be pealed, m, 11. 
Tools for hay and grain cutting, should all be procured 
and put in working order, ff, m. With a large quantity of 
hay and grain to cut, a mowing machine will doubtless 
pay, besides securing it in better order. 
Turnips—Sow, 11, or in next month. Read articles. 
Weeds—Keep them down while small, if you would 
save heavy labor afterwards, and secure good crops. 
ORCHARD AND NURSERY. 
If properly cared for last month, the orchard needs lit¬ 
tle attention now, other than destroying insects, pinching 
in, and Summer pruning. Weeds and grass should also 
be kept from growing about the trunks, and fruit thinned 
out where it has set too thickly. 
Hoeing will be the chief business in the nursery, assist¬ 
ed by the plow or horse cultivator. 
Buddmg may be performed, 11, in some cases of early 
growth, particularly on plums, pears, and roses. 
Budded Trees—Remove suckers, and tie up buds insert¬ 
ed lastyear. Where buds have become well established, 
and the new shoot is growing in an upright position, old 
stocks may be rounded off, 11. 
Caterpillars—Destroy, ff, mm, any suffered to live till 
now. 
Evergreens may still be transplanted with care, ff, wa¬ 
tering and mulching. 
Grafts—Examine and loosen any bandages cutting into 
newly grafted trees. Replace cement or grafting wax 
where it has pealed off. Rub off suckers. 
Hoe nursery rows often, using the plow and horse hoe 
to lessen the labor. 
Inarching—Commence, m, 1. 
Insects—Wage incessant war upon the insect tribe, now 
thatthegunof the sportsman has destreyed or driven 
■away your most efficient aids in the business, the small 
birds. Caterpillars, apple, and cherry worms, borers, &c., 
all want looking after. Those who wish to have abund¬ 
ance of good fruit must be at some expense in obtaining 
it. See articles in present number, illustrating pear, and 
cherry slugs. 
Layer, 11, new growth of deciduous and evergreen trees. 
Mulch, ff, newly planted trees, especially if the weather 
be dry. 
Peach Trees—Cut back or pinch in this year’s growth. 
The peach is largely benefitted by this heading back. 
Pear and Plum Stocks—Budding maybe commenced, 
11, on those stocks which give indications of completing 
their growth early. 
Plums—Cut away all appearances of black warts. De¬ 
stroy the curculio by suspending a lantern among the 
branches at night with a dish of soapsuds underneath, by 
jarring the tree and catching the insects as they fall upon 
sheets, placing chicken coops under the trees, &c. 
Shade tender seedlings of evergreens, magnolias, holly, 
&c., from the mid-day sun. 
Stake newly planted trees unless they are so well fur- 
niched with low branches and a stalky trunk, as not to re¬ 
quire it. We much prefer trees that do not need staking. 
Summer Pinching, or Heading Back—Perform, m, 1, es¬ 
pecially upon peach and pear trees, to check a lengthy 
growth and form fruit spurs. Seepage 116 of the April 
Agriculturist. 
Thinning Fruit—This should be done, m, 1, upon trees 
which are heavily loaded. Better have a less quantity 
of really fine fruit, than a large amount of a small size and 
poorly ripened. 
Water evergreens and other newly planted trees need¬ 
ing it, if the month proves dry. 
Weeds—Keep down, both in nursery and about orchard 
trees. 
KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDEN. 
With planting and transplanting late vegetables, thin¬ 
ning, hoeing and weeding early ones, harvesting straw- 
oerries and early cherries, the gardener will find very little 
idle time in June. Everything is now growing rapidly, 
and if weeds are not kept down at this season they greatly 
increase after labors, and diminish the prospect of a good 
cultivated crop. The first plantings of radishes, lettuce, 
spinach &c., are now ready for use or for marketing, while 
rhubarb and asparagus continue to yield a full supply. 
These, added to the early bed of strawberries and the 
plentiful yield of “ greens” allow the market gardener to 
frequently send away for sale a load of his productions, 
and thus begin to reap the rewards of his toil. Crops 
were, or should have been so arranged that he may now 
send a load of something to market every few days until 
far into the Winter, or Spring even. 
Asparagus—Keep beds well stirred and free from weeds. 
Cutting should be ommitted by the middle or latter part of 
June. 
Beans Early Kidneys, and Limas even, may still be 
planted, ff, m. See that runners are poled. 
Beels-Sow the remaining Summer crop, ff, and, m, 1 , 
for Autumn and Winter use. Hoe, weed and thin early 
beds, using the young plants for “ greens,” for which they 
arc excellent, “roots and all.” 
Blackberries—Stake up, ff, if not previously done. It 
is better to stake both these and raspberries before the new 
foliage comes out. Hoe carefully, to preserve the new 
shoots for a future crop. 
Borecole, Brussels, Sprouts, Broccoli. Kale &c—Plant 
out for late crops, f, m. 
Cabbage—Plant out, f, m, for Autumn use, and 11, for 
Winter. Examine former plantings and replace failures. 
Hoe early ones often. Search out and destroy cut-worms. 
Capsicum—Plant out, ff, m. 
Carrots may still be sown, ff, m. Earlier sowing ispre 
ferable, however. Hoe and thin those put in last month. 
On no account leave the patch until weeds hide all the 
carrots before putting hoes and weeders into it. 
Cauliflowers—Plant and treat as cabbages. Early ones 
will soon be forming heads. Bend some of the leaves 
over to shade the heads from the sun. 
Celery—Set plants for a general crop in trenches, m, 1, 
watering and shading for a few days. 
Corn—To keep up a good succession, plant sweet van 
eties, f, m, 1, at intervals often or twelve days. 
Cress—Sow, f. m, 1, for a constant supply. 
Cucumbers—Plant, ff, m, and even, 1, for pickles. See 
the article on another page, “ To repel Bugs from vines.’ 
Egg Plants—Set out, ff, for full crop, and, m, 1, for late 
plants. 
Fruit—Collect any now ripening, and thin overbearing 
trees or bushes. 
Gooseberries—Keep well hoed, or better, mulch with 
salt hay, tan bark or saw-dust, which will prevent weeds 
from growing and keep the ground moist. 
Grapes—Rub off superfluous shoots and pinch back bear¬ 
ing branches. Destroy caterpillars and other insects be¬ 
ginning to prey upon the vines. 
Herbs—Cut and dry as fast as they come into full flower. 
Hoeing is the important operation for June, and needs 
following up closely. It is almost rain and manure for 
the garden. 
Insects—Allow them no peace in the vegetable or fruit 
garden. They have increased largely of late years and 
require persevering efforts to combat them. Bugs, borers, 
caterpillars, slugs, curculios, &c., all want looking after 
and meeting on their own ground. Read articles on pear 
and cherry slugs, currant bush borers, and on Repelling 
Bugs from vines on pages 179, 180 and 182. 
Lettuce—Sow and plant out at intervals of a week, dur¬ 
ing the month. 
Melons—Plant, ff, both Water and Nutmeg varieties. 
Okra—Plant, ff. 
Onions—Hoe, weed and thin, ff, m. 
Parsneps—Weed and thin, f, m. Do not leave them toe 
crowded. 
Peas—Sow the best varieties you can get, f, m, l, at ia 
tervals of about ten days to keep up a constant supply 
Bush when a few inches high. 
Potatoes—Hoe and weed thoroughly. Plant late cab¬ 
bages among early potatoes to occupy the ground after 
they are dug. 
Radishes—Sow as lettuce, among and between other 
vegetables, ff, m. 
Raspberries—If not already done, tie to stakes, ff, m. 
See illustration and article on page 182 
Rhubarb is now yielding a full supply, and the Linnaeus 
and Victoria varieties may be pulled during the entire 
month. The Linnaeus variety continued good and was 
used by us last year up to the middle of September. 
Spinach—Sow often, as lettuce. Early crops may now 
be cleared off and the ground appropriated to something 
else. 
Squashes—Plant, ff. m. Protect from bugs as Cucum¬ 
bers. See page 182. 
Strawberries—Clean beds and straw or mulch with saw¬ 
dust, or tan-bark, ff. They will soon be in full bearing. 
Thinning out both \ egetables and fruit should be attend 
ed to early. Plants are usually left too crowded 
