AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
1G3 
Tomatoes—Plant out, If, in. Hoe and bush or stake 
early ones. 
Transplanting—Perform, if, m, selecting cloudy or wet 
weather, or water and shade after the operation. Remove 
with the plants as much unbroken earth, and undisturbed 
root fibers as possible. 
Turnips—Sow fiat and early varieties, f, m, 1, to keep 
up a succession. Sow rutabagas, &c., 11, for Autumn and 
Winter use. For White French Turnip, see page 134 May 
number. 
Water plants recently set out, straw berry beds, if not 
ripening fruit, fruit trees, Sec. , if the month proves dry. 
From the wet state of the ground now, it does not appear 
that much watering would be necessary. 
Weeds—Pull, hoe and root out with plow and cuAivator. 
Give them no room in the vegetable garden—not or.a of 
them. 
Winter Cherry (Phvsalis)—Set out plants.fi', m, treating 
as tomatoes. See page 149 May number. Plants nearer 
than one foot, transplant to new ground. Make the most 
ofthem, for you will want an abundanceof fruit in Autumn 
and seed for yourself and neighbors next year. 
FLOWER GARDEN AND LAWN. 
At this, the blooming season, the Flower Garden is ex¬ 
pected to make a fine show of a large number of the per¬ 
ennial and biennial plants. Most of the Green-House, and 
many of the Hot-H ouse plants have been transferred to the 
open border and with their rich colors lend attractiveness 
to the grounds 
Annuals—Many of the quick grow ing varieties, such as 
Asters, Balsams, Mignonette, Larkspur, &c., may still be 
sown, ff, m. 
Bedding Plants—Complete putting out, If, using verbe¬ 
nas, geraniums, petunias,pansies, daisies, &c. 
Box Edging—Plant still, selecting a moist day, or water¬ 
ing and shading. Cuttings may also be made, f, m. Shear 
old box, selecting damp weather if possible, for the opera¬ 
tion. 
Bulbs are mainly out of bloom and those w hich are to be 
reset may be lifted and dried, m, 1. If the bed was made 
last Fall they need not be changed this year. 
Carnations, Pinks and Picotees—Shade the choice ones 
in bloom to prolong the season of flowering. Layer and 
pipe (make cuttings), m, 1. 
Climbers—Regulate, or train upon lattice work and trel¬ 
lises, f, m. 
Dahlias—Plant out, ff, m, watering if needful. Stake 
up early shoots. 
Evergreens may still be planted upon the lawn and in 
the borders, ff, m, watering and mulching. In exposed 
situations they may need confining to stakes to prevent 
their being swayed by the wind. 
Flower Stalks—Cut away as fast as they are out of bloom. 
They have an unsightly appearance when left in the flow¬ 
er border. 
Geraniums—Plant out, ff, m, either singly or in masses. 
Gladiolus—Plant, ff, m. Stake, 11, those put out last 
month. 
Grass Edging or Borders—Shear every few weeks leav¬ 
ing them smooth and even. 
Gravel Walks—Keep free from grass, and weeds, raking 
and rolling frequently. 
Hedges—Clip, m, 1, rapid growing deciduous hedges. 
Hoe often among and around plants to loosen the soil 
and induce moisture, as well as to keep down weeds. 
House Plants—Bring out remaining ones intended for 
the open air and plant in borders, or arrange in a sheltered 
situation leaving them in pots. Water often. 
Insects—Destroy Rose Slug as directed on page 149 of 
May Agriculturist. The same remedy will apply to the 
leaf hoppers ( Tettigonia Rosas). Caterpillars, green fly, 
rose bugs, &c., all need looking after. 
Lawn—Mow and rake every two or three weeks. Keep 
grass from growing about the trunks ofnewly planted trees. 
Oranges, Lemons, Oleanders and Myrtles—Plant out in 
the open borders, ff, m, or place out in their tubs. 
Potted Plants will need frequent waterings unless turn¬ 
ed out into the border. Shield from high winds. 
Roses will be in the hightof bloom during this month, 
and show themselves in their true position of “ queens 
of the flowers.” The amateur has a just pride in his rich 
collection, showing a profusion of attractive colors and 
appealing equally strong to another sense by their sweet 
odors. See illustration and article on page 184. Read un¬ 
der insects above. 
Stake flowers and shrubs requiring it. 
Transplant, m, 1, annuals sown last month, retaining 
earth about the roots if possible. Water and shade, unless 
a damp day is chosen. 
Verbenas—Plant out, ff, m, singly, and in masses. They 
are a choice flowering plant, being in bloom most of the 
season. Set out a good supply of a variety of colors 
Water plants retained in pots often, especially during 
dry weather. Evergreen and other shrubbery, withtrans- 
planted annuals require water unless it rains frequently 
Weeds—Keep down, ff, mm, 11. 
GREEN AND HOT HOUSE. 
So many of the plants usually kept in these houses are 
now in the open air that we have included the care of the 
two in one calendar, neither requiring fire heat any 
longer. In extensive collections, the more tender plants 
are better managed in than out of the house, and on that 
account are still kept upon the shelves. They now re¬ 
quire abundance of air and plenty of water. The upper 
ventilators should be kept open during fair weather. Open¬ 
ing both upper and lower would dry the atmosphere too 
rapidly. Measures should now be taken to increase the 
stock of Winter blooming plants ; and many of the seed¬ 
lings and cuttings, will need repotting. In carrying out 
and arranging pots in the open air, place them in a neat 
orderly manner, convenient of access. The situation 
should be so sheltered that the plants will not be blown 
about by high winds. 
Azalias are now making a rapid growth and need 
abundance of water, and some pinching in. 
Bud. m, 1, oranges, lemons, citrons, shaddocks, &c. 
Camellias do quite as well in the open border, to which 
they may oe carried, ff. If retained on the shelves in the 
house, water and syringe often. Watch for and check 
the approach of insects. 
Cuttings of Chrysanthemums, myrtles, hydrangeas, 
fuchsias, geraniums, &c., may he made and potted, f, m. 
Fuchsias—Repot to make fine specimens for'Winter 
blooming. 
Geraniums are in full flower and require liberal water¬ 
ings. Increase the stock by cuttings and layers. 
German Stocks—Plant in borders, ff, m 
Grapes—The early houses will now be ripening their 
fruit and the syringings overhead must be omitted. Some 
of the later crops need a further thinning. They all want 
abundance of air with a free circulation. 
Insects are particularly troublesome at this season and 
require much care to forestall their depredations. Keep 
them in check now, unless you wish to be overrun with 
them in Autumn. 
Layer and Inarch woody and other plants which do not 
root readily from cuttings. 
Pines require abundance of air and less water as the 
fruit approaches its ripe state. 
Potting—Continue, f, m, 1, and provide a supply of pre¬ 
pared earth for extensive use next month. 
Roses—Plant in borders, ff, any remaining in the houses. 
Syringe with oil soap to destroy slugs. 
Seedlings—Transplant, ff, m, to borders or pots as after 
culture renders necessary. 
Verbenas—Get up a stock for Winter blooming by lay¬ 
ering, inserting cuttings, &c. 
Water—Give as is needful. With small pots in a dry 
atmosphere, a little may be necessary both night and 
morning. Examine pots after heavy rains to see if the 
drainage is perfect. 
THE APIARY IN JUNE. 
BY M. QUINBY. 
Any stock of bees failing to increase in number as it 
should, ought to be examined now for the cause. The 
most common difficulties are : Diseased brood, and want 
of queen. While examining the stock for worms, the 
presence of a queen can always be determined. There 
will usually be a few, and sometimes many immature 
bees found on the floor of the hive in the morning. One 
or more indicates her presence. When this is the case, 
some other cause for this thriftless state of things must 
be sought for. A thorough examination of the common 
hive can be effected only by the aid of smoke. Blow some 
under the hive, then turn it bottom up to admit light 
among the combs more smoke will drive the bees away 
from the brood. Pick the sealing off from some of the 
cells that appear the oldest—if any bees are of a dark co¬ 
lor while they are in the larva state, the stock is diseased, 
and the bees should be at once transferred to a new hive, 
and the honey, if any, kept from the bees as much as pos¬ 
sible. If there is no brood, there is probably no queen. 
If there are bees enough to protect the comb from worms 
a queen may be provided from some of the swarming 
hives. Without tees to assist there is no possibility of sav¬ 
ing the contents of a hive from the moth. Empty combs 
areattackedvery quickly in warm weather, after the bees 
are gone, or very much reduced. Whatever is saved 
must be secured in advance of them. 
Whenever the bees of old stocks or new swarms are 
crowded outside during the yield of honey, whether be¬ 
fore or after swarming, they should be furnished with sur¬ 
plus boxes without delay, which may be removed as fast 
as filled, and empty ones put in their places. No second 
or after swarms need be expected from a stock later than 
18 days after the first—watching for them longer is un¬ 
necessary. A part of the stocks that stand close together, 
will lose their queens from fourteen to twenty days alter 
the first swarm. It is indicated by the commotion of the 
bees the next morning after the loss. They should then 
receive a queen or queen cell from some other hive. A 
spare queen may be often obtained from an after swarm. 
A queen cell may usually be procured from a stock thal 
has cast its first swarm within a week. To get the bees 
out of the way, operate as above with smoke—with a 
knife cut out, without bruising a cell, (for description, sea 
fig. 9, page 41 of this volume—Feb. No.) and introduce it 
into the stock in its natural position. This is often th® 
only means of saving the stock. 
Continue the warfare with the moth-worm. Protect the 
hive from the sun in very hot weather. 
Summer Fallows. 
This blanch of farm operations has antiquity 
in its favor. The Romans practiced it for a long 
period in their history, and in all parts of their do¬ 
minions. The practice originated, probably, in the 
idea that land alter several years 5 use, required 
absolute rest j and that it would thereby recruit 
its energies. Experience, too, doubtless showed 
that it was more productive after this season of 
rest; and hence it was supposed that the advan¬ 
tage was derived from the mere cessation of rais¬ 
ing crops, and not—as the fact was and is—chief¬ 
ly from the decay of vegetable matter growing 
wild upon it and from the absorption of nutritive 
gases from the atmosphere. 
British husbandry makes great account of fal¬ 
lows. It practices “ naked fallows ” and “ green 
fallows.” Naked fallows means the plowing and 
cleaning of the land for one Summer without tak¬ 
ing any crop from it. Green fallows means the 
growing of hoed crops on soil usually devoted to 
some kind of grain. The object of the latter is to 
clean the land, by hand and horse cultivation, and 
to bring it into fine tilth. In England, stiff soils 
and those which have become infested wqh weeds 
are most commonly treated to fallow. The land 
is thrown up into ridges in the Fall, so as to shed 
water quickly, and to get the benefit of the Win¬ 
ter frosts. In the Spring, it is cross-plowed, and 
during the Summer it is worked over as often as 
needful, to pulverize it well and eradicate all 
weeds. When the land has become full of couch 
grass, they practice “ paring and burning.” They 
have an implement called a breast-plow, with 
which they take off a few inches of the surface 
and throw it into heaps. Tin’s, on becoming dry, 
is mixed with rubbish and then burned or charred 
and afterwards scattered over the soil. This keeps 
the grass very much in check, and furnishes a 
rich top-dressing for the land. If the grass con¬ 
tinues troublesome, the ground is broken up again 
and a “grubber” put into it, which brings the roots 
to the surface, from which they are then raked 
off and burned. This thorough work prepares the 
land for any crop. 
In some of our Southern States, we see that the 
old Roman mode of Summer fallowing is still in 
vogue. Large fields we have observed, grown 
over with mulleins, thistles, and various other 
rank weeds, and scattering their seeds far and 
wide. Now, is not this land nearly as much ex¬ 
hausted by growing these immense crops of weeds, 
as it would have been, under good management, 
in growing regular crops 1 Consider, too, the in¬ 
jury sustained by allowing the soil to become so 
infested with weeds. 
The common practice throughout the Northern 
Middle States is better, though even this may, 
perhaps, be improved upon a little. Many farm¬ 
ers plow their grass lands intended for wheat, in 
May or June, and let them lie until September, 
when they cross-plow, harrow and so w their grain. 
This course is generally pursued, without refer¬ 
ence to the nature of the sod turned under. But 
is not this second plowing objectionable 1 What¬ 
ever gases are evolved by the decomposition oi 
the grass r houhl be left undisturbed, so as to fur 
