1884] 
.IMEEIOAl^ AGBIOXJLTTTEIST, 
310 
Orclisii’«l and Fruit tiJardrii. 
Decide whether to dispose of surplus and inferior 
fruit, by making it into vinegar, or by drying or 
evaporating it.Trees will be broken by careless 
pickers; saw off all injured limbs_The Apple- 
worm may be diminished by picking up and de¬ 
stroying fallen fruit, or allowing the pigs to do it. 
_Bands of carpet, bagging, or other fabric, fast¬ 
ened around the trunks of apple trees with a single 
long tack, will catch many Apple-worms. Examine 
weekly and kill_If trees set last spring suffer 
from drouth, mutch them, or keep the soil loose. 
_The Fall Web-worm spins its nest in summer 
also. At its first appearance, cut away the twig'to 
which the nest is attached, and crush the worms. 
... .Young trees may have their shape controlled 
by pinching the ends of shoots that grow too 
vigorously.... When the Blackberry and Raspberry 
crops are off, cut away the canes that have borne 
fruit. The new steins of Blackberries should be 
slopped when five feet high, those of Raspberries 
at three or four feet... .Keep strawberry beds free 
of weeds. Plant new beds with plants rooted in 
pots,...Whitish spots on the underside of grape 
leaves are mildew. Dust sulphur, with a sulphur- 
bellows at once. Large caterpillars and beetles 
must be hand-picked. Continue to jiinch laterals. 
IVIai'lcet aiacl E£itcltcu <iiai'tlcii. 
The hotter and drier the weather, the faster the 
“pussley ” grows. Hoe up and feed it to the pigs. 
... .Vegetables for market should be put up neatly. 
Beets and other roots must be washed and tied in 
bunches_Plant Bush-beans for late crops. Pinch 
off the ends of the vines of Limas when they reach 
the tops of the poles.Beets, carrots, and other 
roots should be hoed until the tops prevent... .The 
fodder from sweet-corn may be greatly increased 
by cutting up the stalks as soon as the ears are 
gathered. Cultivate well.Gather Cucumbers 
for pickles as soon as they are of the desired size. 
_Keep the fruit of Egg-plants from the ground 
with a wisp of straw or hay... .AsMelons approach 
maturity, turn to secure even ripening.Do not 
allow Sweet-potato vines to take root at the joints; 
move them at each hoeing....Onions are known to be 
ripe when a large sh.are of the tops fall over. Pull, 
dry thoroughly, cut off the tops, and sell, or store 
in a dry, cool place, spreading thinly... .Cultivate 
and hoe among the Squashes as long as the vines 
will allow. Permit the vines to take root at the 
joints.Late Cabbages and Caulillowers need to 
be kept free from weeds.Turnips are to be 
sown ; the ground from which the early potatoes 
were removed is excellent for them. Sow Ruta¬ 
bagas early this month, and the Aberdeen and Yel¬ 
low Stone any time before September first....To¬ 
matoes, foliage, stems, anti fruit are devoured by a 
large green worm or caterpillar, which can neither 
bite nor sting, despite its horn. AVherever its 
abundant droppings are seen on the ground, hunt 
on the vine for the worm. Keep the vines tied up 
to the trellis, and cut away all badly shaped fruit. 
Flo-\ver Ciisti'ileii iiiitl 
Do not mow the lawn too often in hot and dry 
weather. Keep the margins of beds, cut in lawns, 
well defined. Run a sharp spade into the soil, 
along the margins of the beds, to cut off grass 
roots.... Ribbon or other beds planted in designs, 
need care to keep the lines between the kinds of 
plants distinct, and all at a uniform hight; this 
may be done by pinching and the use of the knife. 
.... Sticks and strings will be needed by Dahlias, 
Gladiolus, and other tall plants. Keep the sup¬ 
ports out of sight_Remove flowers and flower- 
clusters as soon as they begin to fade, unless seeds 
are to be saved_As soon as flowers on the sum¬ 
mer-blooming roses fall, cut back the shoot to a 
strong bud ... Chrysanthemums should be brought 
into shape by pinching. When buds are formed, 
pot those intended for house-blooming. Look out 
for caterpillars and plant-lice_Lilies, especially 
the tall growers, may need stakes. If thin spots 
appear on the leaves, a caterpillar will be found on 
the under side, If seeds are not wanted, cut away 
the young pods... .Carnations, to bloom in winter, 
should have flower stems cut away as they appear. 
Greeiilioiisc mirt I’laiits. 
Paint, glaze, and repair the greenhouses-Se¬ 
cure pots, soil, sand, moss, and whatever else may 
be needed for winter use... .Care for the plants in 
pots out of doors as directed in former months. 
... .Make cuttings of plants that were turned into 
the open ground... .Camellias and other plants 
with thick leaves must not be exposed to the full 
sun. Fumigate house plants with tobacco smoke. 
A New Celery.—The “White Plume.” 
No other agencies have done so much to popu¬ 
larize celery culture and make it profitable, as this 
periodical. Some twenty years ago, in the pages 
of the American Af/riculturist, and soon after in our 
volume, “ Gardening for Profit,” by Peter Hender¬ 
son, were first made known the improved methods 
of raising celery and keeping it, practised by the 
gardeners who supply the markets of New York 
City. The publication of these methods completely 
revolutionized, and gave a new impetus to, celery 
culture throughout the country. Only a few gar¬ 
deners, who left the old country too late in life to 
learn new ways, continued^to follow the former 
method of planting in trenches. Not only were 
these new methods of treating the crop of great 
service to growers of celery, but an almost equal 
THE “ WHITE PEDME ” CELERY. 
benefit resulted from the advocacy of the dwarf 
varieties, which grow to the hight of about two 
feet or less, in place of the tall kinds reaching 
the hight of three feet or more. The tall kinds 
require the growing of a foot or more of useless 
leaves, involving extra labor in their culture and in 
storing the plants. The dwarf varieties afforded 
as much of eatable stalk as the tall kinds, while 
they could be produced at much less cost. A few 
years ago, a New York grower of celery, noticed 
in a bed of seedlings of one of the dwarf varieties, 
a single plant, that in the shape of its foliage and 
in its habit of growth, was very diflerent from all 
the other plants in the bed. This singular plant 
was carefully preserved, and was found to perpet¬ 
uate its peculiarities by seed, and thus became the 
parent of a distinct new variety, which has been 
named the “ White Plume.” The name was sug¬ 
gested by the form of the inner leaves, which being 
greatly sub-divided and feather-like, form a beauti¬ 
ful ornament for the table. But this is not the 
most marked peculiarity of the “White Plume.” 
The broad outer leaf-stalks grow in such an up¬ 
right and compact manner, that the inner stalks 
are so compressed and deprived of light, that the 
plant becomes self-blanching. This peculiarity of 
the plant greatly lessens the labor required by the 
celery crop. In the beginning the “ White Plume ” 
requires the attention that must be given to all 
other kinds of celery ; i. e., the plants must be- 
raised and transplanted to the rows where they are 
to grow. AVith ordinary kinds of celery, after the 
plants have nearly made their growth, they are 
“handled,” that is, the leaves arc brought into an 
upright position, and kept there by pressing thb 
soil firmly against the base of the leaves with the 
hands. After this, to blanch the celery, the earth 
must be banked upon each side of the row, to ex¬ 
clude the light. With the “ AA'hite Plume,” the 
labor stops with the “ handling,” the peculiar 
growth of the plant completing the blanching, as 
shown in the engraving. The “ White Plume ” 
promises to still more simplify celery culture. 
Its history is especially interesting, as showing 
the imt>ortance of noticing any marked variations 
among cultivated plants, and if these promise to 
be of value, of caring for and propagating them. 
Getting Ready to Soav Winter Wheat. 
JOSEPH HAUP.IS. 
If winter wheat is to be sown after early oats, 
peas, beans, early potatoes, or corn-fodder, the 
moment the crop is off the ground, stick in the 
plow, or gang, or cultivator. Do not wait for rain. 
The weeds and stubble will pump up more water' 
from the soil than any ordinary rainfall at this sea-' 
son will be likely to furnish. If you plow, or in 
anywise wmrk the land, it will not only destroy the 
w'eeds and check the rapid evaporation of water, 
but should we have a shower, the rain will pene¬ 
trate deeper into the worked soil, and render it soft 
and mellow. We have everything to gain and 
nothing to lose by promptness in plowing immedi¬ 
ately after the previous crop has been harvested. 
In four years out of five, the principal difficulty 
in sowing winter wheat in proper season is to get 
the soil moist enough to cause the wheat to ger¬ 
minate vigorously and evenly. AVe must recollect 
that the soil, even during a severe drouth, contains 
in the first two or three feet a great many thousand 
gallons of water per acre, and still more at a 
greater depth. This water is constantly rising to¬ 
wards the surface. Any growing plant pumps it up 
out of the soil, and evaporates it into the atmos¬ 
phere. The amount of water thus evaporated Is 
enormous. The bare soil evaporates water from 
the surface as long as there is any to evaporate, 
but the loss of water from a bare soil is nothing in 
comparison with the loss on land upon which 
plants are growing. 
In the winter wheat section of Western New 
York we sow our wheat from the 1st to the 20th of 
September. It is ready to cut from the first week 
in July to the first of August, varying greatly in 
this respect according to the season. As we go 
South, wheat is sown later in the autumn, and is 
ready to harvest earlier in the summer. 
AVhere the Hessian fly is troublesome, we have 
to avoid early sowing in the autumn. The fly lays- 
its eggs in the young wheat plants in the autumn,, 
and late sowing is one of the. remedies. On the 
other hand, when wheat is liable to injury from 
the Midge, we have to avoid late sowing. The 
Midge flies lay their eggs in the ears of wheat when 
it is in blossom, and an early crop of wheat is far 
less liable to injury than a late crop. 
Fortunately neither the Hessian fly nor the Midge 
has done much damage of late years, and the ten¬ 
dency among our best wheat-growers is towards 
earlier sowing. After the first of September it is 
thought desirable to sow as soon as the soil can be 
got sufficiently moist and mellow. It is just here 
where promptness, good judgment and science are 
all requisite. Rain will help us, but it will help us 
still more if w’e go to work as though no rain vvas 
expected. As we said before, there is water enougli 
in the soil, but it is not near enough the surface 
to cause the seed to germinate. AATiat we 
have to do is to bury all the weeds, stubble, and 
growing plants, and keep the surface soil fine by 
the frequent Use of the cultivator, harrow, and 
roller. AA'^e know this is easier said than done—but 
on our strong wheat land it is the general experience 
that much of our success will depend on our ability 
to get the wheat well started in the early autumn.. 
