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4S2 • [October, 
-#-hh-#-READY OCTOBER FOURTH, I 884.—- 
A Book of Reference for the Various Departments of Human Knowledge. 
Including Agriculture, Astronomy, Architecture, The Various Arts and Sciences, Biography, Botany, Chemistry, 
Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Horticulture, Literature, Mechanics, Medicine, Physiology, Natural His* 
tory. Mythology, and many other departments. 
700 PAG-ES AND OVER 1,000 ENG-R AVING-S. 
CONDENSED, COMPILED, AND ARRANG-ED FOR CONVENIENT USE. 
BIEK 
SPECIMEN PAGES, SHOWING SIZE OE PAGE, STYLE OF TYPE AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 
26T DISCOPHOEA FEICTION-BALLS 352 
FEINGE 
Dirk, derk. A d.-iggrer 
formerly much used ill the 
Highlands of Scotland, and 
still worn as essential to 
complete the Highland cos- 
tnme. 
Dirt-eating:, dert'C-t-ing. 
Cachexia Africana. a disor¬ 
der of the nutritive functions 
among negi'oes, and in cer¬ 
tain kinds of disturbance of 
the feminine health, in 
■wkioh there is an irresistible 
desire to cat dirt. The 
practice of some tribes of 
B. America, of using certain 
kinds of clay for food. 
DiscRargrer, dls- 
-charj'er. In Elect, 
an instrument for 
discharging a Ley¬ 
den jar, &c., by 
making a connec¬ 
tion between the 
two surfaces. In 
calico printing, a 
discharge. 
D i s c h arg- e- 
valve, 'valv. In 
steam-engines, a 
valve whicli covers 
the top of the barrel 
of the air-pump 
and opens upward. 
Discharging Arch, 'ing .arch. An 
arch formed in the substance of a wall to 
Dirk. 
Leyden Jar with 
Discharger. 
.. !l»W 
wiisisr' 
Discharging Arch. 
relieve the part which is below it from the 
Buperinenmhent weight, commonly used 
over lintels and flat-headed openings. 
Piscipline, '1-plin. Education; in¬ 
struction ; training. Eiile of government. 
Subjection to rule. Correction ; punish¬ 
ment inflicted by way of correction and 
training : instruction by means of misfor¬ 
tune and the like. In the E. C. Ch. bod¬ 
ily punishment inflicted on a delinquent; 
or that external mortification which a pen¬ 
itent inflicts on himself. The scourge a 
delinquent uses in self-chastisement; or 
that wielded by ids confessor. Books of 
discipline, two hooks drawn up for the 
reformation of the Scotch Church—the 
first by Knox and four other ministers in 
1560, the second by a committee of Assem¬ 
bly of 15T8, in wliich Andrew Melville took 
a leading p.art. This is still appealed to as 
the most compl ;to and authoritative ex¬ 
hibition of Scottish Presbyterianism. 
Dischidia, -kid'- 
i-a. A gen. of 
A s c 1 e p iadaceiE, ( 
herbs or under 
shrubs. One spe¬ 
cies, D. Eaftiesi- 
ana, is remark¬ 
able for its nu¬ 
merous pitcher¬ 
like appendages. 
Disciples o f 
Christ (Camp- 
hellites). An in¬ 
dependent sect 
liolding views 
sub stantially 
identical unth the< 
Baptists, founded' 
in the U. S.,1809, 
by Eev. Thomas Dischidia Eaflflesiana. 
Campbell, a distinguished preacher of the 
Presbyterian church, from which he se¬ 
ceded, and his son, Eev. Alexander Camp¬ 
bell, both natives of Ireland. The sect 
numbers nearly three-quarters of a million 
communicants, most of them being in the 
S. and AV. States. 
Discobolus, -kob'o-lu3. In Class. An- 
tiq. a thrower of,^ 
the discus or qnoit; 
a quoit-player. The 
name given by 
Cuvier to his 3d 
family of soft- 
finned teleostean 
fishes. The lump¬ 
fish (Cyclopterus 
Lumpus) is a good 
e.xample of the 
group. 
Discophora.-koP 
o-ra. A sub-class 
of the Hydrozoa, 
comprising most of 
the organ isms 
known as sea-iel- ,- 
lies, jelly-fishes or Discobolus throw- 
sea -'nettles. A th® Discus, 
name sometimes given to the order of an¬ 
nelids, Hirudiuea, to which the leech be¬ 
longs. 
Friction-balls, -balz, Balls placed 
under a heavy object to reduce the fric¬ 
tion, while that object is moving horizon¬ 
tally. Some swing-bridges have, such 
h.alls placed under them. 
Friction-clutch, -kluch. A species of 
loose coupling much used for connecting 
machines which require to be frequently 
engaged and diseng^ed, or which are 
subject to sudden variations of resistance. 
Friction-cones, -konz. In Mach, a 
form of slip-coupling, which allows the 
cones to slip on any extreme pressure 
being applied. 
Friction-coupling’, -kup'ling. A form 
of coupling in whicli two shafts are con¬ 
nected by friction, as in the friction-clutch 
and friction-cones. 
Friction-powder, -pou-der. A com- 
Iiosition of chlorate of potash and anti¬ 
mony, which readily ignites by friction. 
Friday, fri'dfi. The 6th day of the week. 
Good F., the Friday immediately preced¬ 
ing Easter; which is keptsacred, inmera- 
ory of the sufferings and death of Christ, 
as it is believed to be the anniversary of 
the day on which ho was crucified. 
Friedland, frcd'Iahnt. A town of E. 
Prussia, 36 m. 8. E. of Konigsberg, noted 
for the great victorv, June 14,1807, of 
the French under Napoleon I. over the 
allied Russian and Prussian armies, re¬ 
sulting in the treaty of Tilsit. 
Friendly Islands (Tongaj. An archi¬ 
pelago of the 8. Pacific, of which Ton- 
gatahoo is the chief island; pop. aht. 
25,000. 
Friend, frend. One of the Society of 
Dissenters, which took its rise in England 
about the middle of the 17th century, 
through the preaching of George Fox. 
Arch, that 
part of the 
entablature 
of a column 
which is be¬ 
tween the 
architrave 
and cornice. 
It is a flat 
member or 
face, usually 
sculptured" A coarse woolen cloth hav¬ 
ing a shaggy nap on one side, extensive¬ 
ly manufactured in Ireland. 
Frieze-panel, 'pan-el. One of the up¬ 
per panels of a door of six panels, 
i^iga, frig'a. In Scand. Myth, the -svlfe 
Frieze. 
Frigate. 
of Odin, a goddess corresponding in some 
respects to the Aphrodite of the Greeks 
and Venus of the Eomans. Called also 
Freya. 
Frigate, fri'gat. A 
war vessel larger 
than a sloop v brig, 
and less than a ship 
of the line; usually 
carrying thirty to 
sixty guns on the 
main deck and on 
a raised quarter-deck 
and forecastle, or 
having two decks. 
Since the introduc¬ 
tion of iron-claa war 
vessels the term has 
been applied to those 
having a high speed 
and great fighting 
power. Double-banked frigates, such as 
carried guns on two decks and had a flush 
upper-deck. Steam frigates, large steam¬ 
ships carrying guns on a flush upper-deck, 
ana having a tier also on the lower deck. 
Frigate- 
ta i r d, 
-herd. The 
name given 
to a gen. 
of trop¬ 
ical birds 
( T a c h y - 
petes), pel—■ 
lean fam.4 
(Pelican- 
ilS’." w-M- 
cormorants; a man-of-war bird. 
Frigid Zone, frij'id. A space about 
either polo of the earth, terminated by a 
parallel of 66i° of latitude, known ns the 
polar circles. At the pole the sun is visi¬ 
ble for half the year and invisible the other 
half. 
Frimaire, frC-mar. The 3d month of 
the French republican calendar, dating 
from September 22, 1792. It commenced 
November 21, and ended December 20. 
Fringe, frinj. An ornamental append¬ 
age to the 
borders of 
garm e n t s 
or furni¬ 
ture, con¬ 
sisting of 
loose 
thread s. 
The use of 
so 
Assyrian Fringes. 
fringes is of very great antiquity, as shown 
by the dresses of figures on the ancient 
A Remarkable Storehouse, and Work of Reference, for Almost Every Department of Human Knowledge. 
This is an entirely new'hook, compiled by competent Editors, in consultation w'itli the best authorities. It contains over 700 pages, and is printed from entirely neiv 
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make use of technical terms, and these are so little used 
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And Numerous Other Arts and Sciences. 
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the various Departments of Human Knowledge, 
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When we consider the vast number of topics, the judg- 
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ist Family Cyclopaedia is a remarkable book. 
Every one who reads, slionld, when he meets with a 
word that is new to liim, or one the meaning of which 
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the meaning must be sought in some more comprehensive 
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sess one of the standard Cycloptedias, in many volumes. 
Consequently the publishers of the American Agri¬ 
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