202 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[June, 
Contents for June, 1877. 
Among the Farmers.214 
Bee Notes for June.235 
Boys ancl Girls’ Columns—Story of the Boot Black— 
Doctor’s Talks—Aunt She’s Puzzle Box—Doctor’s 
Correspondence—Aunt Sue’s Chats—The Pet Bird. 
9 Illustrations . .226-228 
Butter, Improved Package for. Illustrated. .216 
Cattle, Drenching Horns for.2 Illustrations. .215 
Cattle, Maturity of.— ,216 
Dairy Interest, Legal Protection for. .21S 
Dogs, Exhibition of, in New York.201, 209 
Door for a Piggery, Swinging.2 Illustrations. .216 
Flower Garden and Lawn in June.. 204 
Forest Trees, A New Enemy to . Illustrated ..219 
Frame for Sawing Wood... Illustrated. 216 
Fruit Garden in June.204 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in June.204 
Guide for Sawing Logs. Illustrated. .W 
Hay Beds or Rigging.3 Illustrations.. 218 
Horses, Cross of Arabian and Percheron.2 111. .213 
Household Department—Home Topics—Potato Peeler 
and SIicer—Mosquitoes and Flies—Recipes. 6 I/A223-225 
- House Plan.. 4 Illustrations.. 212 
How Flowers are Fertilized.3 Illustrations. .222 
Kitchen and Market Garden in June. Illustrated ..201 
Lessons from Russian Agriculture for Am. Farmers.. .21S 
Market Reports for June.204 
Milk for Villages, Pure.21S 
Mowing Machines, Lawn.4 Illustrations.. 219 
Notes from the Pines.2 Illustrations .221 
Nursery and Greenhouse Stock Abroad, Prices of.209 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 88.—Jersey Cattle—Drain¬ 
ing Swamps—Village Life .210 
Orchard and Nursery in June..'.203 
Potatoes, Machine for Sorting.3 Illustrations ..217 
Salt Box, A Self-Closing.2 Illustrations .. 219 
Seat of War, Map of... Illustrated.. 206 
Science Applied to Farming. 211 
Stable Floors, Slatted.2 Illustrations. .217 
Talk on Farm Crops..215 
Vetch in Hungary, Winter. 217 
Wool Press, An Effective. Illustrated ..216 
Work, Hints About, for June.202 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” OK SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Agriculture, Department 
of.: 
Apple Pomace, Fertiliz¬ 
ing Value of.! 
Artichoke, Brazilian....235 
Barley. Spring & Winter.234 
Bones, Use as a Fertilizer233 
Bread, Brown.205 
Brewer’s Grainsnot Good 
for Horses.234 
Buckwheat, Corn after...234 
Butter Making, Hardin 
Method of.235 
Butter, Questions Con- 
Calves, to Prevent from 
Sucking.! 
Cattle, Diseases of.234 
Chicken Cholera.235 
Chickens, Gapes in.! 
Cistern,Difficulty in Mak¬ 
ing . 234 
Colorado Beetle and Paris 
Green .. . i 
Corn Fodder, Presei-ving.235 
Corn, Gypsum on.234 
Dog, Shepherd’s.234 
Exports of Agricultural 
Produce.234 
Fairs, Autumn. 
Fertilizer, "Wheat Branas208 
Fleeces, Heavy. 
Floors, Stable.235 
Fodder Preserved by En¬ 
silage.234 
Food for Fowls, Proper..235 
Foot, How to Treat an 
Injured.234 
Gapes in Chickens,.207 
Gas Tar as a Preservative 
of Wood.233 
German Millet.207 
Goat, Angora. 233 
Grass forReclaimedMarsh 
Land. 234 
Grass, Hungarian.234 
Hogs in N. J., Heavy..’. .235 
Honey Locust and Catal- 
pa Seeds.234 
Horse. How to Treat a 
Biting... .208 
Horse, Swelled Leg in a.233 
Horses, Export....234 
Horses,Profit of Breeding234 
Humbugs and the War. .207 
ydrangea, New White..208 
nn, Composition for 
Welding .234 
Jury, A Puzzled.234 
Lampass, Treatment of..233 
Legislating Backwards. .235 
Lime for Composting 
Swamp Muck.234 
Lucern Seed, Gathering..235 
Manure, Bommer’s Meth¬ 
od of Managing.235 
Manure, Sawdust in.234 
Mare, Feeding a Brood. .208 
Mutton, Weight of Dress¬ 
ed.234 
Nightsoil, Carting.20S 
North Carolina ahead of 
New Jersey.208 
One Man’s Meat.235 
Peas and Oats for Fodder234 
Peat Muck, How to Use..234 
Pigs, An Unusual Occur¬ 
rence.234 
Pigs, Paralysis.235 
Pigs, Weight of.208 
Plow, American Rotary..235 
Poland China Record.. ..208 
Potato Starch, Manufac¬ 
ture of.233 
Poultry, Manure for To¬ 
bacco ..*.234 
Poultry, Profit in.208 
Poultry, Questions Relat- 
to. 
Rye Amongst Corn.234 
Salad, Potato.205 
Salt for Stock.207 
Salve for Cracked Teats.234 
Seed Distribution.234 
Sheep Raising, Book on 234 
Sheep, Shropshire.208 
Small Fruit Culture in 
New Jersey.208 
Society, Am.Pomological20S 
Sprouting Seed for Late 
Planting.207 
Strawberries.208 
Thoroughbred,What con¬ 
stitutes a... ...234 
Tribune Horticullurally 
and Agriculturally . .235 
Warbles. .233 
War, Effects of Russian 
on Amer. Agriculture..20S 
Wire Worms.233 
Vats for Scald I Eg- ISogs and 
Steaming Food. —“H. A.,” Jo Davies Co., Ill. A 
vat for scalding hogs, and which, by the use of a close 
cover, might be used for steaming fodder, is described in 
the American Agriculturist of Dec., 1875. (Price 15 cts.) 
Calendar for June. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. YORK. 
WASII’N. 
cha’ston 
CHICAGO. 
Sd Quart. 
New M’li 
1st Quart 
Full M’li 
I). 
‘1 
11 
18 
25 
It. M. 
0 27 mo. 
9 43 mo. 
1 40 mo. 
0 9 ev. 
a. ji. 
0 15 mo. 
9 36 mo. 
1 23 mo. 
11 57 mo. 
rr. M. 
0 3 mo 
9 24 mo 
1 16 mo 
11 45 mo 
IT. M. 
11 51 3d. 
9 12 mo. 
1 4 mo. 
11 33 mo. 
'if; "Si. 
11 21 3d. 
8 42 mo. 
0 34 mo. 
11 3 mo. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JUNE, 1877. 
The reports of the growing wheat crop are gen¬ 
erally favorable. A large majority declare the con¬ 
dition of the crop to indicate a full average, and 
more than half speak of a promise of above au 
average yield. A comparatively small number 
of places are threatened with a partial loss of 
crop, California presenting the least hopeful con¬ 
dition, on account of a serious drouth. So far as 
our own observation and information extends, we 
consider the promise of the crop to be very favora¬ 
ble, and if dry weather should not interfere, a fair 
harvest- may be expected. At the same time, the 
country is bare of wheat, and the foreign demand 
is larger than usual. The experience of the past 
few years goes to show, that there will be no dan¬ 
ger of “ over-production ” in .the future. We need 
not fear to raise as large crops as we can. The 
foreign market is large and steady, and will need 
all we can produce in the way of grains, meats, 
provisions and dairy produce, to supply it. The 
low prices of the past few years have brought 
this about, and therefore have not been by any 
means an unmitigated evil. While we have been 
depressed and troubled by a reduced income from 
our farms, which has sorely embarrassed those 
who have been in debt, this has been the means 
of stimulating farmers generally, to do better by 
their farms than they had formerly done. In 
no previous period has stock been so much im 
proved as during the few years just past, and we 
have, in consequence, found a market in England 
for meat, which has saved our home market from 
demoralization. At no time before the present, has 
there been so much of artificial fertilizing, and 
never before so anxious inquiry about the possibili¬ 
ty of enlarging the crops, and using the most effect¬ 
ive economy in farming operations. In the mean 
time thousands of persons are entering into agri¬ 
culture from other industries ; the wave of western 
emigration has broken upon a shore, where the 
land, although valuable for pasture, is not arable, 
and it now flows back again upon the neglected 
lands of the East, which are being restored again to 
their former fruitfulness, by means of more skill¬ 
ful cultivation. There is now a closing up of scat¬ 
tered ranks,and the farming interest is becoming con¬ 
solidated. As population may increase, during the 
next twenty-five years, to double its present limit, 
and we have a hundred million mouths to feed in our 
own country alone, all the resources and skill of 
the farmer will be taxed to meet the demand for 
his products. The value of farms can hardly fail 
to increase year by year, on these accounts, and it 
will be the farmer’s interest to see that he neglects 
no means of making his more valuable property 
pay a higher interest than now. This can only be 
done by making it more productive. 
Hints for Work. 
Plant every thing possible, early this month. Early 
kinds of corn may be put in the ground until the 
middle of the month, with certainty of ripening as 
soon as late sorts planted earlier. Or it may be 
planted closer for fodder. 
Fodder Corn is one of the most valuable crops, 
especially for a dairyman. By and by we shall 
probably begin to preserve corn-fodder in pits and 
trenches, just as brewers’ grains are now kept 
by many American dairymen, or as corn-fodder is 
preserved by many foreign farmers. The process, 
known as ensilage, was fully described, with illus¬ 
trations, in the American Agriculturist for June, 
1875. It would be well to refer to or procure this 
number, and study the process. Eodder-corn may 
be planted in rows feet apart, with seed dropped 
two inches apart in the row. Cultivate with horse- 
hoe as soon as the corn is above ground. 
Beans are becoming a more profitable crop, now 
that additional attention is given to them. When 
planted in rows 24 feet apart, 4 or 5 beans may be 
dropped every foot. By planting with the Albany 
planter, the beans may be dropped in a continuous 
row, 3 inches apart. The seed should go into light 
land, at least 3 inches deep in the moist soil. 
Potatoes will need very close attention. It is not 
at all improbable that many careless farmers will 
lose their crop through inattention, and that the 
price will again be high in the fall. The Colorado 
beetle may be kept down by care and Paris Green, 
as has been frequently explained. (See page 207.) 
[“ Potato Pests,” a new book, sent, post-paid, from 
this office, for 50 cents, will be very valuable]. 
Cultivation,, thorough and" frequent, will greatly 
help all drill-sown crops, as corn, potatoes, and 
roots, enabling them to resist dry weather, and 
make a strong growth. This is very important for 
the potato crop, under the attacks of the beetles. 
Buta-Bagas should be sown this month ; refer to 
the directions for root crops in previous months, as 
to preparation of the soil. Two pounds of seed 
per acre, should be sown, and it will be better to 
sow in drills, either with a hand or horse-planter. 
The rows may be made 27 to 30 inches apart, and 
200 lbs. of superphosphate, drilled with the seed, 
will force the crop ahead of the fly. If the fly at¬ 
tacks them, use finely slacked lime, dry sifted coal 
ashes, or soot, freely sifted over them. 
Mangels or Sugar Beets should be ready to hoe and 
thin out. 12 to 15 inches apart, is a proper distance, 
and vacant spaces may be filled by transplanting 
plants from places where they are too thick. Take 
up the plants with a trowel with the earth around 
them, without disturbing the roots. Share’s horse- 
hoe is excellent for cultivating these root crops. 
Summer-Fallows. —In some rare cases it may he 
well to summer-fallow. To kill weeds that are dif¬ 
ficult to destroy and very plentiful, or to break up 
raw, heavy clay soils, this nearly obsolete operation 
may still be practised. But now it can rarely pay to 
keep the soil idle a whole season, when there are 
so many green crops that may be grown to advan¬ 
tage for cleaning the ground, and artificial fertiliz¬ 
ing is so well understood. When a summer-fallow 
is thought advisable, begin by plowing deeply this 
month," before weeds have seeded the ground. 
Preparing for Harvest.—No time should be lost in 
getting ready for haying. It would pay to procure 
a mowing machine and a horse-rake, if money has 
to be borrowed for the purpose, where ten acres of 
hay have to be made. In choosing machines, dura¬ 
bility and ease of working should be looked to first; 
low price is a secondary consideration. Some 
valuable improvements in harvesting machinery 
have recently been noticed in the American Agri- 
