24:8 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[July, 
(a small bit of metal sun-dial of no practical use); about 
$50 worth of Jewelry, according to the description,'for 
$1: good $3 watches 1; eight pieces of gold jewelry 
worth $6 for 50 cents'; “ bankrupt stock ” of course! 
two swindling Wall-street “Stock privilege” dealers,' 
etc., etc. If the Editors or Publishers know the charac¬ 
ter of these advertisements, why did they give the quasi 
endorsement of them in the editorial ? If they don’t 
“know” or ■'■suspect" any thing “immoral” or 
“ swindling ” in them, then they must be very “verdant 
youth,” too un-“ knowing,” too un-“ suspecting,” to be 
safe guardians of their readers’ interest. 
Mow to Prevent Gapes.—“ Mrs. H. 
W. M.,” 'Jefferson CO'.,-Ky. -The worms found'ill the’ 
windpipe of young chicks, are -those knOwn as gape- 
worms. It is quite possible that those often fourid iii the’ 
intestines are the same worms, but the'full history ofthe 
gape-w'orm is not-well understood. •' It’is supposed, hoiv-'' 
ever, that the old ’fowls carry the worms, and discharge 
them with the eggs in the dung. ’The eggs are pifcked' 
up by the chicks, and are hatched in the stomach, from 
Whence they crawl up the gullet, until they reach the 
windpipe, where they stay. A very similar worm infests 
sheep and young lirmbs, in very much such a way as 
this. It is easy to prevent lambs from being affected, by 
keeping them from pasturing-after the old sheep, and it 
is equally easy to prevent gapes in chickens, by keeping 
them upon fresh ground. Prevention in this case is 
easier and better than cure, especially when thw'e is no 
cure that qan be depended on.. 
Alfalfa. (Lucernj in Texas .- 11 J. W. 
5., ” Bandera Co.,- Texas. Alfalfa succeeds well iu Cali¬ 
fornia, Northern Mexipo, and ip Texas along, the Rm 
Grande, and,would-probably do well with you. Seed can. 
behest procured-in California, .as that grown in a dry 
locality, succeeds b.etterju mdry climate than other seed. 
It can be procured; pf B. P. Wellington, San Francisco. 
A Sul>soil Plexv for Lands that 
wash.—“J. A K.,” Knox Co., Mo. Any plow that 
will open up the subsoil, and -leave channels for. the per¬ 
colation of water, would be serviceable for lands that 
wash. Light lands, with clay subsoils, are very Subject 
to thisinoonvenience. • In such cases subsoiling with; a 
mole-plowls to be recommended. The deeper the sub¬ 
soil is disturbed, the more effective is the result. 
Mow to make a Stone Strain.—“ C. 
9., ” Lewiston, Me. In laying a drain to be made of 
stone, the. ditch should first be dug out to a proper depth, 
say at least threafeet, and of a width sufficient to leave- 
a clear passage for all. the water expected to flow through 
it. Place Jong'.Barrow stones along the side at the bot¬ 
tom, bed the stones well, and pack clay at the back to 
prevent water from making a channel behind or under the 
stones. Then lay flat stones across these, each end rest¬ 
ing upon the first mentioned stones, leaving a clear water 
channel. Afterwards pack stone carefully on the top of 
the flat stones, covering all holes so that the earth can¬ 
not fall into the drain: If the drain could then be filled 
with gravel it would be best, , if not, fill in'with earth. 
Such a drain, well laid, will last as long as a tile-drain. 
The bottom of the drain should not be paved. 
Moxv to throw a Morse.— “C. A. H.,” 
Somerset, Me. To throw a horse safely, a strong strap 
should be passed around the body.'at the saddle girtb. A 
loop is fixed beneath the belly. One fore foot is lifted 
and fastened-to the. loop. In this condition the horse 
cannot kick. Straps are passed around the hind fetlocks, 
and a rope fastened to these is passed through.the loop.. 
A strap is also passed around the remaining fore foot, 
and a rope is attached to this. The last rope is drawn 
up until the horse is on his knees, when the other rope 
is drawn up, and the horse is gently pushed over upon 
his side. The ropes are then drawn up quickly and se¬ 
cured, when the horse is powerless. 
Siiperfoetalion.—“ W. B. E.,” Hancock 
Co., Ill. It is.qjiitepossible.that a cow may produce two 
calves by different bulls. Such an occurrence has taken 
place, occasionally with cows, and mares have similarly 
produced two colts. It is known as superfcetation. Some¬ 
times both of tbe young animals live, but generally one 
or both die.before birth. 
Poll-eVilv -r m C. B.,” Warwick, N. Y. 
‘-‘Poll-evil,’’ so-called, which is really an abscess at. the 
junction of the head and neck, is not serious unless the 
joint of the neck and head is involved. This is'known 
by the'stiffness-of: the’fieck, which prevents movement 
of the head. In this’caee-it is almost certain that the. 
spinal cord will be affected; and the animal lost: Other-: 
wise, all that is necessary is to open the abscess so deep¬ 
ly that the matter may escape from the bottom, and dress 
it with a solution of half a dram of Chloride of Zinc in a 
quart of water. A tape should be tied in the wound, 
and when healing commences, this should be retained 
in the bottom to keep it open until the top is healed. 
Matter Ms lie. — “ Subscriber,” Carroll Co., 
Md. When the milk and cream have a bitter or other 
wrong flavor, the cause should first be sought iii the food 
or water. If there is nothing to be found in the food, the 
water should be examined with care, as this is the most 
frequent cause of bad milk. If the water is from a pond, 
or other stagnant source, and is not perfectly pure and 
fresh, this is probably the cause of the trouble. If not, 
it is possibly the effect of the’clover, or the meal-fed may 
be iholciy from heating. The easiest way to correct the' 
bitter taste of the milk, is to put a piece of saltpeter, the 
size of a small bean, into each phii of milk. 
Am 4>ltl Market.—" W. H;- D., Washing¬ 
ton, D. C. When a cow’!? fldde”- Becomes"-permanently 
indurated, from the effects of an attack of garget sometime 
previous, the structure of the gland’has'become"changed, 
the milk-ducts have become thickened and closed, and 
there is no remedy. It is very probable that there will 
be trouble with the udder when the cow again has a calf. 
Cement Roof. — “D. O. S.,” Saginaw Co., 
Mich. A cement roof may very easily be made, by hav¬ 
ing an edge strip all around, so as to leave a space two 
inches deep ail over the surface. The roof should not 
be more than one-eighth pitch, and may be very nearly 
flat. The cement should be mixed with four times its 
bulk of sand, while dry, water should then be added, un¬ 
til sufficiently plastic. The cement is to be laid on with 
a plasterer’s trowel, and finished smoothly. When dry 
and hard, it may be coated with gas-tar and sprinkled 
with fine. sand. u. 
Compost of Fislt, lPIastoi-, and 
Eartli.— “ Z. M.,”. Suffolk Co., N. Y. In making a 
compost pr fish, earth, and plaster, the plaster would have. 
no injurious' effect upon ,the fish, But, on the contrary,, 
would be beneficial'in fixing the ammonia'which would' 
be formed in the decomposition.' ... 
Slatted Stable Floors.—“B. F. H.,” 
Lake Grove, N. Y. The slatted floor referred to in .tile* 
American Agriculturist for June,’page 217, is movable. 
When the floor .beneath is to be cleaned, the slatted floor 
is removed and then replaced. This floor can be laid 
upon the ground or a bed of sautl, which can be renewed 
whenever necessary, and thus the horse!will-be kept! 
clean from litter. ■ t.’i K i ! o;t si a ..’1 
Pimcb to Mavis: Chiclc(Bit'sfA.' 
E.,” Eastman, Pa. A pu’ncji to mark/chiclis,'so.as to 
distinguish one brood from anoth- r, may be procured 
from any dealer in shoe findings, or'harness maker'. . The. 
usual leather punch may be used. . . , ... .' 
M’lie Ainerican Veterinary College. 
—We have receiyed the Sepqnd-.Annual. Announcement 
and Report of the American Veterinary College. Some 
interesting and novel features are noteworthy. Among 
these are the free scholarships offered to each. State 
Agricultural Society in the country. A preliminary ex¬ 
amination, to which candidates for admission are to be 
submitted, and the extension of the time of study, to three 
full courses of lectures, instead of two. These innova¬ 
tions will undoubtedly tend greatly to increase the value 
and efficiency of the college. 
Treatment of Garget.- ,“C, .D. R.,” 
Passaic Co., N. J.. The prqpqr treatment of garget de¬ 
pends much upon the.character ofthe disease. Generally 
it is sufficient to give .some, cooling laxative medicine, 
and to apply cold water to the udder, leaving wet cloths 
upon it, supported, if necessary, by a broad band around 
the cow. The udder should be (feed of whatever milk it 
may contain, and if the milk is,clotted, it may be removed 
by injecting into the teats, with a metal' syringe, a pint of 
water in which a teaspoonful of carbonate of soda has 
been dissolved, and after a few minutes milking it out. 
The cow’s feed should be very light and cooling. 
Vetches.—“ W. McG.,” Clearfield Co., Pa. 
Vetches, or tares, will grow very well in your locality. 
The seed can be procured of the principal seedsmen in 
New York, and perhaps elsewhere. The Voted is a very 
good fodder crop. It is better to sow it with barley or 
oats ; IX bushels of Vetches, with 2 bushels of the other. 
Kcaring' Cliicltens lor Market.— 
“ J. C„” Fairfield Co., Ohio.' it would be impossible to 
rear “ broilers” for the New Ytfrlc market, so faraway as 
Ohio. These young chickens'are sent to market'alive, 
and being very tender at their early age,-would not sur¬ 
vive the long journey in gd’od’condition: But New York 
is not the only-market for poultry of this kind. The most 
profitable poultry raising we have heard of, was near a 
small'village,'Where ; 'a Marge"country hotel or boardings 
house was located,-the pfbprietors'of which were glad 16 
take at the highest price all the poultry raised. It is iu 
such localities', as this, that special poultry raising’ is 
most profitable. Half-bred Light Brahmas have, so far; 
made the best broilers, but the Plymouth Rocks promise 
to compete closely with them. “ Corbett’s Poultry-Yard 
and Market,” price 50 cents at this office, is a good little 
manual on this subject. 
Ensilage of Green Fodder.-“ R. M: 
L.,” Alexandria, Va. We do. not know of any person in 
this country, who has tried the preservation of fodder by 
ensilage. It is not a new practice by any means; the 
writer has seen fodder thus preserved on a French farm, 
over 20 years ago. The material in this case was beet 
leaves, which lie closely, and are very easily preserved: 
Corn fodder has been preserved by numerous French,' 
German, and Hungarian farmers for five or six years pastf 
and very particular accounts of it are given' in the foreign 
agricultural journals. Several dairymen known to Its,! 
have thus preserved fresh brewers’ ‘grains, every year'. 1 
There is no doubt about the success of the process, if it 
is properly conducted. A full account of this process 
was given in the American Agriculturist for June, 1875. 
Blindness iu a Horse from Og>li- 
tliulmia.—“ M. J. S.,” Caroline Co., Va. Periodic 
Ophthalmia, is almost certain to end in blindness. The 
disease may come and go for some time, but at each at¬ 
tack the film becomes more opaque, until finally thepus- 
becomes absorbed,, or the cornea’becomes thickened and 
impenetrable to 'light'. The 'only treatment available is! 
to' bathe the eye with a solution of 10 grains of Chloride 
of Zinc'in a pint' of water,’and hang! a cloth welted with' 
this over'the eye. The horse Should not be exposed to 
strong light while suffering-froth inflammation’. 
A Clydesdale Stncl-Moolc.—At a meet-; 
! ing held Feb. 26th.’ at Glasgow, Scotland, measures were 
taken by soni’e Of the principal breeders of Clydesdale' 
horses -to establish a stud-book for the registration of 
pedigrees. The Earl of Dunmore took a prominent part 
in the proceedings, and offered a resolution, which was 
agreed to, for the purpose stated. A committee was ap¬ 
pointed to carry out the object of the resolution, and 
agree upon details. 
Idoxx- to Get Rid. ©f.CIijLclteW.IJice.. 
I —“ Jr C. M.,” Luzerne Co.’,’Pa. A poultry house may be 
cleared of lice, when Badly infested, by "thoroughly clean¬ 
ing It,” scalding the floor, if of boards, and washing it’ 
with soft soap and boiling water. Wash the rest of the' 
house"with hot lime-wash, and rub the roosts thoroughly; 
with lard’and kerosene oil in equal parts. A small quan-‘ 
tity of the grease should-also be rubbed under the wings 1 
ofthe fowls,"afid upon their, heads. This plan mayme'ed' 
repeating once, before"the vermin are cleaned out entire-' 
ly. A plenty of dry earth or coal ashes should be scatter-’ 
ed in the house. 
Mlastiiig Log’s.-“H, C. G.,” Dardanelles, 
Ark. A charge of. dynamite would certainly rend a cot¬ 
tonwood log 4 to 6 feel in diameter very easily and quick¬ 
ly, and at a much less cost than $4 to $7 per log. Common 
blasting powder might be used with good effect, by bor¬ 
ing in the end of the log, so as to get the charge near the ‘ 
center, and tamping with sand. Dynamite, however,' 
wouid reduce the logs to fragments, while powder would' 
only split it into two or three pieces, which would have’ 
to be blasted again. , . .,, . _ 
“ Rearing- and Feeding; Cattle.’?-/ 
“D. II. H.,” Poughkeepsie; N. Y.; writes : “In the arti¬ 
cle, ‘ Lessons’from Russian Agriculture,’ you ask is.there 
aiiy better way of meeting ilie dilemma than by rearing 
and feeding cattle For the Eastern States I think there 
is, and that it would be better to bUy steers in the fall,- 
fatten them in the winter, and sell in the spring. Taker 
10 acreS good land, plant 3 with Prickly Cotnfre’y, 2 with- 
Durra, or Guinea Grass, and 5. with Peas, pull the peas as 
soon as some’begin to harden, and cure, them the same as 
grass. Pulling is better than cutting, as the, roots: are 
worth more than the same weight of tops for feed, and 
the cattle like th6m. Now, with the produce of the 10 
acres, I think I could feed and fatten 20 two-year-old 
steers in 4 or 5 months, if they were pfopeny fed and, 
taken care of, which would give me a quantity of manure, ■> 
and I conld till less-land and grow more wheat and corn.” r 
[We do not:see:t.hat this plan is, in reality, anything else r 
than rearing and feeding cattle. It does not make any - 
difference who rears and who feeds, whether one man or 
two. The seeming question was hardly intended as a 
query; the dilemma to our mind admits of no other split.! 
lion'. Guinea-grass would not survive your winters.—E d.1.: 
