1877 .] 
355 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
lime is collected, and thoroughly washed with warm wa¬ 
ter, to remove all impurities. It is then placed in a leaden 
■vat, and treated with a proper amount of dilute sulphuric 
acid, and boiled; the sulphuric acid now unites with the 
lime, forming sulphate of lime, which is very slightly 
soluble, while the citric acid being set free, remains in 
solution. The sulphate of lime being separated by a 
cloth filter, the liquid is evaporated until sufficiently con¬ 
centrated for the citric acid to separate in crystals. These 
have to be purified by dissolving in water, straining and 
crystalizing again, which process has to be repeated un¬ 
til they, the crystals, are pure and colorless. 
Harvesting' Buckwheat.—Buckwheat 
-sown late in June, or early in July, will be ready for bar- 
wasting this month. This crop suffers very easily from 
even a light frost, and should be cut before frosts occur. 
As the grain does not ripen evenly while growing, some 
being green, and some hardly out of blossom, while the 
bulk of it is ready for harvest; one need not ran the risk 
of being caught by a frost, but may cut the crop as soon 
as it is well loaded. Much of the immature grain will 
fill out and ripen after the crop is cut, and when the 
straw has been heavy, we have known the blossoms even 
to mature their seeds while standing in the stook. The 
grain should lay in the swath until dry enough to rake 
“up, when it should be gathered into sheaves while damp 
with dew, to avoid shelling; the sheaves not being bound, 
but set up with the heads tangled and pressed together, 
in which condition they may remain until ready for 
thrashing. This crop is never housed, as it heats and 
spoils readily, and it must be treated with great care. 
I.osses l»y “Foot and Houtk ” I)is- 
•ease.—This disease, also known as Epizootic Aphtha, 
has resulted in almost incalculable loss to English breed¬ 
ers and.farmers. Mr. T. C. Booth, the welldsnown Eng¬ 
lish breeder of 'Sliort-horns, recently testified before a 
Parliamentary committee of inquiry, that bis bqrd had’, 
suffered to the extent of from $200,000 to $250,000. It is 
the loss from this disease, which' has so affected the, 
English meat market, as to make exports from America 
possible and profitable. 
Cattle and Sheep In Colorado.— 
In a most surprisingly short time Colorado comes to the 
front rank as a cattle and sheep producing State, from 
“very small beginnings a few years ago. Recently there 
have been sent from Colorado to the New York market, 
some grade Short-horns, which can not be excelled by 
the best grades of Illinois and Kentucky. This is one 
outgrowth of what was called the Short-horn mania, and 
if the “mania” should have ho worse effects than this, 
it will be easy to stand some more of the same kind.; 
The good stock introduced in Colorado less than five 
years ago, have already produced from the common 
Texan cows, these excellent grades; the country, is well 
filled with equally good stock, and the supply will in¬ 
crease in quantity and quality. At the same time we no¬ 
tice reports of a public sheep-shearing, which show not 
only that Colorado possesses most excellent sheep, but 
that her Merinos are of a kind that class highly as mut¬ 
ton sheep. For instance, at the shearing referred to in 
El Paso County, among the sheep shorn were rams of the 
following weight of carcass and fleece, viz., of Col. Phil¬ 
lips’ flocks, rams weighing 91, 94,96, 97, 98, and 118 lbs., 
the fleeces weighing respectively 1754, 20J4, 16, 17X, 18, 
and 17X Iks.; of W illard Bros.’ flock, rams weighing 135, 
142,143, and 156 lbs., with fleeces weighing 20, 23, 1814, 
21, and two 3-year old rams of lighter carcass sheared 
24;4 and 32,X lbs. of wool. Such rams as these must 
leave their mark on the Colorado flocks. 
The Ayrshire (Scotch) Ilerd-Book. 
—The first volume of the Scotch Ayrshire Herd-book is 
in course of preparation. It is announced that entries 
may now be made at a charge of five shillings sterling, 
$1.25, for bulls, and half as much for cows and heifers. 
Boiled Galloway Herd-Book.—An 
association of breeders of Galloway cattle has been 
formed, and a herd-book for the registration of pure-bred 
animals has been published. The association has taken 
the name of the “ Galloway Cattle Society,” (which might 
more properly and grammatically have been called the 
Galloway Cattle Breeders’ Society,) with the Duke of 
Bnccleuch as President, and the Earl of Galloway as 
Vice-president. 
Trees In the City of London .— 1 The 
“ Gardener’s Magazine,” of June 30th, gives a list of the 
trees now growing in the City of London proper. From 
this it appears that there are only about 200, in 30 species 
and varieties, and these are mostly in old church-yards, 
and the courts of public buildings. The list is noticea¬ 
ble for the absence of all cone-bearing trees; the Orien¬ 
tal Plane (or Button-ball as we call its American brother), 
the Linden and Balsam Poplar being' most 
State, County, and other Fairs in 1877. 
Slate and Industrial fairs. 
American Institute .. .New York.Sept. 12-Nov. 12 
American Pomological. Baltimore.Sept. 12-14 
California.Sacramento.Sept. 17-22 
Chicago Industrial Ex..Chicago, Ill...... .Aug. 29-Oct. 13 
Georgia...Atlanta.. ..Oct. 15-20 
Illinois.....Freeport. .Sept. 17-22 
Indiana..Indianapolis....Sept. 24-29 
Iowa .. . . ____ ... Cedar Rapids.. Sept. 17-22 
Kentucky ..North Florence...Aug. 28-31 
Maine Dairymen....... Orono...Sept. 18-20 
Maine Pomological.Waterville.Sept. 25-28 
Michigan...Jackson... ..Sept. 17-22 
Minnesota ...... .Minneapolis.... Sept. 3- 8 
Missouri.... Kansas City.. Sept. 17-22 
National Ag’l Congress.Chicago, Ill.Sept. 25-27 
Nebraska ..Lincoln.Sept. 24-28 
Nevada.. Reno. Oct. 15-20 
Newburgh Bay Hort’l. .Newburgh . ..Sept. 26-28 
New England.. Portland... Sept. 3- 7 
New Jersey........_Waverley.Sept. 17-22 
New York.Rochester. Sept. 17-21 
Northwest Exposition. .Dubuque... .Sept.. 10-14 
Rhode Island Ag’l Soc..Woonsocket.Oct. 2- 3 
Ohio...Columbus. Sept. 10-14 
Oregon.. Salem. Oct. 8-13 
Quincy Horse Fair.Quincy, Ill........Sept. 4- 7 
St. Joseph Agr’l Ex’n..St. Joseph.Mo.Sept. 10-16 
St. Louis.St. Louis, Mo. ..Oct. 1-6 
St. Louis Indns’l Exp’ll.St. Loilis, Mo.Sept. 10-Oct. 6 
Shenandoah Valley_Winchester, Va...... .Oct. 9-12 
Texas....Austin.Oct. 16-20 
Virginia.......Richmond.Oct. 30-Nov. 4 
West Virginia ..Clarksburg.Sept. 12-14 
Wisconsin..... .Janesville.Sept. 10-14 
Worcester Hort. Soc’y .Worcester, Mass.Sept.- 
Provincial Fairs. 
Nova Scotia.Kentville.Oct. 1-5 
Ontario...London.Sept. 21-28 
Quebec.Quebec...Sept. 18-21 
District Fairs. 
Ohio, Central.Meclianicsburg.Sept. 5- 7 
Ohio, Central.Orrville.Oct. 10-13 
Kentucky North .Florence.Aug. 2S-31 
Ohio, Southern....Dayton.Sept. 24-28 
Indiana, Northeastern .Waterloo.Oct. 2- 5 
Indiana, Southeastern..Aurora.Sept. 4- 7 
Iowa, Noitliwest.Dubuque.Sept. 10-14 
Iowa, Northern,.Pottsville.Oct. 2- 5 
Michigan, Central.Lansing.Oct. 2- 5 
Wisconsin Central.Watertown.Sept. 24-28 
Wisconsin Northwest. .Oshkosh.Sept. 24-28 
County and Town Fairs. 
MAINE. 
Androscoggin.Lewiston.Oct. 2- 4 
Franklin.i. .Farmington.Oct. 10-12 
Franklin Central.Strong.Oct. 3-4 
ICcnnebcc.Rca’dfio'd..Oct. 2- 4 
Penobscot...Orono.Sept. 18-20 
Piscataquis East.Milo.Sept. 26-27 
Sagadahoc.Topslmm.Oct. 9-11 
Somerset Central.Skowhegan.Sept. 18-20 
Washington.Pembroke.Sept. 26-27 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Stratford.Great Falls.Sept. 11-13 
VERMONT. 
Caledonian....Sept. 18-20 
Chittenden..Essex Junction.Sept. - 
Contoocook Valley.... .Hillsboro Bridge.Sept. 11-12 
Franklin.Sheldon.Sept. 19-21 
Washington.. .. .Montpelier.Sept. 11-13 
Windham.Newfane. Sept. 12-13 
Windsor....Woodstock.Sept. 25-27 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Barnstable. Barnstable. .Sept. 18-19 
Berkshire...Pittsfield.Oct. 2- 4 
Bristol.Taunton.Sept. 25-27 
Bristol Center...Myrick’s.Sept. 12-14 
Brockton.. ..Brockton.Oct. 3- 5 
Deerfield Valley.Charlemont.Sept. 13-14 
Essex...Lawrence.Sept. 25-26 
Franklin.Greenfield.Sept. 27-29 
Hampden.............. Springfield.Sept. 25-26 
Hampden, East.... —Palmer.Sept. 18-19 
Hampshire....Amherst.Sept, 18-19 
Hampshire, Franklin, etc., Northampton. Oct. 3-5 
Hanson.Hanson.Sept. 25-26 
Highland.... .Middlefield.Sept, 13-14 
Hingham. . .Hingham.Sept. 26-27 
Hoosac Valley.North Adams.Sept. 18-19 
Honsatonic ... ..Great Barrington .Sept. 26-28 
Marshfield. ... ... Marshfield. Oct. 3-5 
Martha’s Vineyard.... .West Tisbury... Oct. 2-3 
Middlesex.. Concord..Sept. 27-29 
Middlesex, North... .. Lowell...... Sept. 25-26 
Middlesex, South .Framingham... A.. .Sept. 18-19 
Nantucket...Nantucket.............Sept. 5- 6 
Norfolk... ..Readvilie.....Sept. 27-28 
Plymouth.Bridgewater.Sept. 19-21 
Union.. .Blandford.... Sept. 19-21 
Worcester.. Worcester.Sept. 20-21 
Worcester, North..Fitchburg....Sept, 25 
Worcester, Northwest, .Athol.Oct. 2- 3 
Worcester, South_..Sturbridge.......Sept. 13-14 
Worcester, Southeast.. Milford. Sept. 25-27 
Worcester, West.Barre ..Sept. 27-28 
RHODE ISLAND. 
Washington...... —.. Kingston..Sept. 18-20 
Woonsocket..Woonsocket .Oct. 2- 4 
CONNECTICUT. 
Danbury Town.. .Danbury ..Oct. 2- 6 
Fairfield. ..Norwalk... .Sept. 1S-28 
New Haven........_Meriden...Sept. 19-21 
Windham. ....Brooklyn. .Sept. 18-20 
Woodstock....Woodstock.Sept. 10-12 
NEW YORK. '. 
Alleghany _Angelica ....O.ct, 2-4 
Cattaraugus..... ..... Randolph.. .Sept. 12-14 
Cayuga.. .Auburn.....Sept, 11-13 
Chautauqua... Jamestown ..Sept. 18-21 
Chemung ___....... .Elmira............... .Sept.. 26-29 
Chenango. Sherburne ..Sept. 13-15 
Columbia............. Chatham.Sept. 19-21 
Cortland ...... .Sept. 12-13 
Delaware. ..Delhi... .Sept. 11-13 
Essex........Westport........... .Sept. 11-13 
Franklin............. ..Malone.... .. .Sept. 25-27 
Fulton......Johnstown....... ... Sept. 17-19 
Genesee... ..Batavia......Sept. 7-8 
Greene.....Cairo........Sept. 19-20 
Hamilton ... .Earlville...Sept. 19-21 
Herkimer... ..Winfield........._.Sept. 4-6 
Jefferson....... .Watertown ..Sept. 11-13 
Lewis..... ..Lowviile ..Sept. 11-14 
Livingston.. . ....... Geneseo.... ..Sept, 26 27 
Madison......Lennox.... ..Sept. 25-28 
Niagara... Lockport. Sept. 20-22 
Onondaga.. ... ..Manlius. . Sept. 26-28 
Oneida...Booneville. Sept. 5- 7 
Oneida....Rome...Sept. 17-21 
Oneida...... . Tabcrg. .Sept. 24-26 
Oneida.... Trenton. Sept. 25-27 
Oneida... Waterville. .Sept. 24-25 
Ontario ..Canandaigua... .Sept. 25-27 
Orange... Montgomery..........Sept. 26-28' 
Orleans......... . ...Albion... .Sept. 21-22 
Oswego.Fulton Station... Sept. 18-20 
Oswego. Mexico... .Sept, 11-13 
Oswego.Phcenix...Sept. 11-13 
Otsego......Edmeston..Sept. 11-13 
Otsego...Oneonta. .Sept. 11-13 
Otsego. .... Schenevus.Sept. 20-22 
Otsego.. Una'diila...Sept. 12-14 
Queens . ...Mineola.. .Oct. 2-4 
Richland...Sandy Creek..Sept. 6- 7 
Rockland . ..Spring Valley...Sept. 26-28 
St. Lawrence.Gouverneur.Ang. 29-31 
St, Lawrence.. Potsdam.Sept. 18-20 
Saratoga.Saratoga Springs... . Sept. 18-21 
Schenectady.Schenectady.Sept. 25-28 
Schoharie.Schoharie.Sept. 25-27 
Schuyler.Watkins. .Sept. 20-22 
Seneca. . Ovid..Oct. 2-4 
Steuben...Bath.Sept. 26-28 
Suffolk.Riverhead.Sept. 25-27 
Tioga...Owego... .....Sept. 26-28 
Tompkins.Ithaca....Sept. 11-18 
Warren ..Glen’s Falls.Sept. 11-14 
Warren...Warrensbtirg.Sept. 11-14 
Washington..Sandy Hill... Sept. 4- 7 
Wayne...Lyons. Sept. 26-28 
Yates..... Rushvilie.. Sept, 27-28 
NEW JERSEY. 
Atlantic.Egg Harbor City.Sept. 24-25 
Burlington.....ML Holly.....Oct. 9-11 
Monmouth.Freehold...Sept. 11-13 
Warren...Belvidere. ...Sept. 11-14 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
Bradford, East.Towanda .....Sept. 25-27 
Bradford.Troy....... ..Sept. 13-14 
Bucks.Doylestown.Oct. 2-5 
Bucks.Kutstown.Sept. 18-21 
Chester.Westchester.Sept. 20-22 
Columbia.Bloomsburg.Oct. 10-12 
Mifflin.Lewistown...Sept. 25-28 
Washington.Cannonsburg.....Sept. 25-27 
OHIO. 
Allen...Lima. ..Sept. 18-21- 
Ashtabula.Jefferson ..Sept, 25-28 
Athens.Athens...Oct. 4- 5 
Belmont.St, Clairsville._... .Sept. 19-21 
Brown...Georgetown. Sept. 11-14 
Butler.. .Hamilton.Oct, 1- 
Carroll.Carrollton.Oct. 10-12 
Champaign..Urbana.Sept, 22-28 
Clarke.Springfield.Aug. 21-24 
Clermont.Boston.Sept. 4-7 
Clinton — ... ..Wilmington..Sept. 4^7 
Columbiana...New-Lisbon.Sept, 25-27 
Coshocton.Coshocton ..... .Sept. 25-29 
Crawford.. — .. Bucyrns...Sept, 25- 
Cnyahoga.Cleveland.....Sept. 11-13 
Darke..... .... .Greenville.... ...Sept. 18-21 
Defiance. .Defiance.Sept. 18-21 
Delaware.Delaware.Sept. 26-28 
Erie ... ..Sandusky..Sept. 25-28 
Fairfield.Lancaster.Oct. 10-13 
Fulton. Wauseon..Sept. 19-21 
Gallia_............. .Galliopolis..Sept. 26-28 
Geauga.Burton.Sept. 24-26 
Greene.........Xenia.Sept. 6- 7 
Guernsey ..Cambridge.Sept. 18-20 
Hamilton......Carthage...Sept. 4- 7 
Hancock.Findlay.... ......_Oct. 3-6 
Hardin..Kenton .....Sept. 25-29 
Harrison..... .Cadiz.Oct. 2- 4 
Hocking..... .Logan.Oct. 3- 6 
Holmes....Millerslnirg.Oct. 2- 5 
Jackson...,.Jackson C. II.... Sept. 13-15 
Jefferson....Smitlifield...Sept. 26-28 
Knox.... Mt. Vernon.Sept. 25-27 
Lake.Painesvillo.....Sept, 26-28 
Lawrence.Ironton... ...Sept. 18-21 
Licking................Newark...Oct. 2- 8 
Logan..Bellefontaine ..Oct. 2- 4 
Lorain, . ..Elyria.Sept. 19-21 
Lucas.... .. Toledo. .... Sept. 18-21 
Mahoning...Canfield.... Oct. 2-4 
Marion...Marion. ...Oct. 2-10 
Medina.Medina....Sept, 18-20 
Meigs..... .Pomeroy...Sept. 14-15 
Miami.. ... ..... ..Troy...Sept. 18-21 
Morgan... . .McConnellsville..... ..Sept. 18-21 
Morrow...Mt. Gilead..Oct. 2-5 
Muskingum.Zanesville..Sept, 4-8 
Oitawa.....Port Clinton. .Oct. 9-11 
Paulding.Paulding.Supt. 28-28 
Perry. ..New Lexington_ .Sept. 26-28 
Pickaway,..... .Circleville... .Sept. 26-29 
Portage.. .. Ravenna.... ..Sept. 25-27 
Putnam. Ottawa...Sept. 2&-28 
Richland.Mansfield.Sept. 16A21 
Ross.... :.. ..Chillicot.be...Sept 4-7 
