372 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[October, 
time, and without the least trouble. This saves 
expense and damage to the stock from over-heating 
or bruising. All that is saved in the cost of hand¬ 
ling stock, comes in the end to the feeder of the 
cattle. This cannot he avoided from the nature of 
the business, and thus those who raise the cattle, 
gain this advantage from the enterprise of the Cen¬ 
tral Railroad Co. Notwithstanding all the outcry 
against railroads, in some cases, without doubt, 
well founded, it should be remembered that they 
have added very much to the value of every farm in 
the country, near and distant; for without them, 
there would be no market near, and no possibility 
of distant farm products ever reaching the shipping 
ports at all, for their value would be more than 
wholly swallowed up in the otherwise slow and la¬ 
borious methods of transportation. The benefits 
gained by the live stock interest of the country 
from the establishment of this great market, and 
the consequent economy in handling yearly 150,000 
beeves, as many calves, and not far from a million 
sheep and lambs, are together but a very small item 
in the profits accruing to farmers-from the railroads. 
This is a.fact that should not be forgotten. 
The engraving gives a general view of the mar¬ 
ket, with the Hudson River and the great grain 
elevator upon one side, and the numerous converg- 
Fig. 2.— PLAN OF CKLLAK AND GROUNDS, 
ing railroad tracks upon both sides. The pens and 
yards, conveniently arranged for access both for 
the arrival and departure of stock, either to the 
glaughter-houses or to the docks for shipment, are 
seen in the center. The large central building is 
the hotel; that in the front distance is the sheep- 
house, in which 7,000 sheep can be penned in the 
different floors. The slaughter-houses and offal¬ 
rendering houses are in the distance, and these have 
every facility for economically using up the waste. 
A French-Roofed Cottage Costing $2,000. 
BY B. B. RUED, ARCHITECT, CORONA, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. 
These plans were designed for a cottage now 
being built by Mr. W. W. Billings in New London, 
Conn. These sketches embrace also the outlines 
of the grounds immediate¬ 
ly surrounding. The site 
faces a street having steep 
grades, conforming to the 
general declivity upon which 
a large part of the city is 
built. The grounds are 
raised above the side-walk 
and leveled in front, and 
are faced with stonework 
from 21 feet high at left, to 
6 feet high at the right. 
The rear grounds are 6 feet 
higher than in front. The 
step A, at the entrance, 
(see fig. 2), is 8 inches above 
the side-walk. £, is the 
bottom of the cellar 2 feet 2 
inches higher than A, and is 
solid rock. The walk lead¬ 
ing from A, to the rear as¬ 
cends li inch to the foot; 
the banks at either side are 
terraced, and have stone 
steps inserted in them lead¬ 
ing to the flagging at the foot 
of the porch steps, and also 
to the area, or cellar en¬ 
trance. Illcvatioii.— 
(Fig. 1.)—The French roof 
style is well adapted to this 
situation on account of its 
rounded and solid appearance. The irregularities 
of outline secure agreeable features of variety and 
picturesqueness. The Foundation shows 4 feet 
above ground in front, and 1 foot in the rear. The 
Porch is in an angle, and the second stoiy extend¬ 
ing over it is carried up vertically past the slated 
part of the main roof, forming a tower-like corner. 
This corner is largely supported by a single column, 
and to make it as light as possible, slating of this 
portion is omitted.—(As usually laid, slateweighs 500 
pounds; tin 50 pounds per square.) . Cellar, 
(fig 2.)—Hight is 61 feet. Four windows are placed 
where they give light to every part. An outside 
door opens to the area, the latter being covered by 
the front porch. The front portion of this cellar 
can easily be finished off for a work room or sum¬ 
mer kitchen.First Story, (fig. 3.)—Hight 
of ceiling 10 feet. The arrangements are simple 
and convenient, comprising a Hall, Parlor, Dining 
Room and Kitchen. The main entrance leads from 
the right of the porch, and the hall runs parallel 
with the front. Many persons prefer the entrance 
arranged in this way, as the contents of the hall 
are not exposed to the street whenever the door 
opened, or left ajar. A partition crosses the hall 
under the platform, adjoining the cylinder, form¬ 
ing a rear passage leading from the kitchen to the 
cellar stairs. The Parlor has a large Bay Window 
in front, with a marble mantle directly opposite. 
The Dining Room and Kitchen each have windows 
giving views in three directions. The small wing 
at the rear contains a good sized pantry, closet, 
and the rear entrance or lobby.Second 
Story, (fig. 4.)—Eight of ceiling 9 feet. The 
divisions include a hall, three large chambers, a 
bed room, and three closets. All parts are well 
lighted. Ventilating Registers are placed in the 
center of each chamber ceiling. The space above 
this ceiling under the tin roof is ventilated through 
8 inch pipes inserted in opposite sides of the roof, 
These pipes have funnel-shaped covers, elevated 
2 inches above the upper end of the pipes. 
Construction. —The foundation walls are of 
semi-dressed stone. The chimneys are of hard 
brick, the cellar portions are constructed with a 
hollow space or ash-pit, arranged to receive the 
ashes from the fires of the first story. The siding 
is beveled clap-boards, laid on sheathing felt. The 
mansard parts of the main roof are covered with 
8 x 16 inch Keystone slate laid on felt. All other 
roofsj^re of IC. charcoal tin, all laid on seasoned 
boards.—The two full stories are hard finished upon 
two coats of brown mortar. All parts usually 
painted have two coats of paint, of materials and 
Fig. 4.— PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR, 
shades to suit the owner. For suggestions on se- 
lectng colors or shades see June Agriculturist, 1877. 
Estimate : cost of materials and labor. 
4fi yards excavation a* 20 cents per yard. 
1300 feet stone foundation at 13 cents per foot. 
40 ft. blue-stone, at 25c. per ft. 
5000 bricks in chimney at $12 per M. 
700 yards plastering, at 30 cents per yard. 
3650 feet of timber, at $16 per M. 
100 ioist at 14c., $14 ; 400 wall strips, at 11c. $44.... 
1660 feet 6iding at 25fc. per ft. . 
Cornice materials $70: felt, $10. 
220 rough boards, at 15c. each. 
9 squares slate at $9 per square.... 
13 squares tin, at $7.50. 
194 spruce flooring at 20c. each. 
14 pine flooring at 25c. each. 
4 cellar windows (complete) at $3 each. 
8 plain windows, (complete) at $12 each. 
1 bay window, complete. 
7 dormer windows at $4,. 
Porch finished, $22; mantles, $50. 
Stairs, $65; nailB. sink and ventilator, $32.. __ 
Closet, finished. $13; painting, $150. 
18 doors, (complete) at $9 each. 
Carting. $25; labor not included above, $225. 
Incidentals.. 
.$ 9.20 
. 195.00 
. 10.00 
. 60.00 
. 210.00 
. 53.40 
. 58.00 
. 45.65 
. 80.00 
. 31.00 
. 97.50 
. 38.80 
. 3.50 
. 12.00 
. 96.00 
. 50.00 
. 98.00 
. 72.00 
. 97.00 
. 163.00 
. 162.00 
. 250.00 
. 19.95 
TpW Cost, complete.. ...$2,ooo,op 
