14 2 
AMERICAN AGRICULT l J IT 1ST. 
[May, 
and shall pay lo the town clerk ten cents for his foe for 
every such registry ; and any person may kid, or cause to 
be l.-.iled, any dog going at large not so registered ; and 
whenever the descript ion or marks of any dog are sub¬ 
stantially changed, he shall he registered anew. 
Section G. Nothing in this act shall he so construed as 
to repeal any ordinances concerning dogs, not inconsist¬ 
ent with the provisions hereof, which have heretofore 
been passed by the town councils of several towns, or the 
city councils of any cities. 
Section 7. The town of New Shoreham, shall be ex¬ 
empted from the provisions of sections 1, 2, and 5 of this 
act. 
Section 8. This act shall take effect from and after the 
1st day of May, A. D., 1660. 
A true copy—witness : John R. Babtlett, 
Secretary of State. 
For the American Agriculturist. 
Horses need Air and Light. 
If an) thing can be done to add to the comfort 
and health of the horse, no animal deserves more 
to have such an effort made. Our stables should 
he constructed with special reference to his com¬ 
fort and health, and to these all other accessories 
must yield. 
Our fathers’ and grandfathers’ barns were of 
the wide, old fashioned sort, with all manner of 
loop holes and air holes—between the vertical 
boarding you could put your whole hand. They 
were originally tight, but when well seasoned, 
there was light without windows, and the pure 
air circulated freely : here was perfect ventila¬ 
tion, and yet talk with those same men about the 
necessity of ventilating a stable, and they are 
ready to prove that they have kept horses all 
their lives, who did well, worked well, were al¬ 
ways in fine health and spirits, and that a ven¬ 
tilator is only a fancy idea—one of the new¬ 
fangled notions of the present generation. 
Our stables have been improved in architectural 
beauty, and in more permanent form of construc¬ 
tion; they are pleasing to the eye, tight, proof 
against the wind and weather, and with solid 
walls of brick and stone, all of which the poor 
horse would gladly exchange for the pure, fresh 
air, of which he is now deprived. 
In providing for the necessities of a horse, it 
would be well to ask ourselves, how we should 
like to be placed in the same situation. If it is 
healthy for a man to live day and night in a close, 
damp cellar or underground apartment, then it is 
healthy for a horse. If it is healthy for a man to 
live on the lower floor, in an unventilated apart¬ 
ment, with a manure and root cellar beneath him, 
whose pestiferous miasmas are penetrating 
every crack, mingling with the foul air he 
breathes, and rising still higher, permeating the 
food he consumes, then it is healthy for a horse. 
But why argue against barn cellars and ill ven¬ 
tilated apartments I—the proof is abundant to all 
who want it, and he that can not be convinced, 
must cease to wonder why his horses have dis¬ 
eases of the skin, the lungs, the eye, etc., or the 
glanders, tho grease, the scratches, and other 
diseases that are directly traceable to the impure 
atmosphere, in which he compels them to stand 
and breathe. 
We would, therefore, in the construction of a 
stable, endeavor to provide against these evils. 
Build root cellars and other cellars entirely dis¬ 
tinct from the barn—at least not directly under 
the horse stalls ; let there be a free circula¬ 
tion of air under the floor, and particularly so 
throughout the stable apartments. Ventilate the 
horse stable through the roof, and entirely inde¬ 
pendent of the other portions of the barn ; let the 
connection between the horse stable and the hay 
mow be closed tight, except when hay is being 
delivered. Ventilate the carnage house through 
the hay mow and root. 
Let your horses’ heads be towards the side or 
end of the kern, and provide the head of each 
stall with a fair sized window : a horse 
wants, under all circumstances, whether tired, 
sick, or well, plenty of light. When there is 
light and plenty of fresh air, it is a common prac¬ 
tice to turn the stalls the other way, and keep 
the horse somewhat in the dark. A good horse¬ 
man knows that a horse enjoys light and air as 
much as he does himself, and he will thrive 
better in the coldest Winter on the lee side of a 
hay stack, than he will in a badly ventilated barn, 
however comfortable it may be otherwise. It is 
stated that, if the gases exhaled from a horse's 
body were confined around him by a gas-tight 
bag, they would cause his death in twenty-four 
hours, allowing him at the same time to have his 
head out and to breathe pure air. 
If you want satin-skinned horses, in fine health 
and spirits, ready at all times to work or to drive, 
a thorough system of ventilation will be one very 
important step towards it. 
A manure shed should be built outside the 
stable, and sufficient only to afford protection 
from wind and rain, with a door connecting 
with the barn, and running to floor of stable, 
which should only he open when the stable is 
being cleaned. The exhalations of the manure 
heap are then not permitted to return to the 
stable—nor should any of the gases generated in 
the stable, be allowed to pass into the carriage 
room or hay mow. 
As a matter of economy, it is just as cheap to 
build a stable calculated to give a horse the great¬ 
est amount of comfort, as to build it in any other 
way. Cellars are handy arrangements, and in 
the first cost it may be cheaper to put them un¬ 
der the barn, but a few years’ experience will 
show the heaviest balance on the debit side. 
New- York, April, 1860. Geo. E. Woodward. 3 
■ ■«* «- i na ^-te w ►-»- 
Cranberry Culture — II. 
Planting Vines. —The proper time for planting 
is in the Fall, in October and November ; or in the 
Spring, from the opening until the last of May. 
The plants may also be removed in August, with 
great care, but this time is not recommended. 
Whatever time is chosen, all cultivators agree 
that the plants should be removed immediately 
from their native bog, or the yards where they 
have grown, to the new plantation. The keep¬ 
ing of plants in damp warm cellars as some re¬ 
commend, weakens their vitality. The purchaser 
should always stipulate for fresh plants. 
If the cultivator have prepared his ground for 
flowing, the plants may as well be put out in the 
Fall. They will get well established, and be more 
likely to bear some fruit the first season. This 
is the more common practice upon Cape Cod, in 
the yards that are flowed. But if this advantage 
is not possessed, the Spring months should be 
chosen. The danger of Winter killing, which is 
very great upon all wet soils, will be avoided. 
If upland is selected for a plantation, the Bell 
variety is best. This is said to grow in its native 
locality upon the edges of swamps, in clays, and 
wet gravels and sands. It is successfully grown 
by several cultivators in Massachusetts, upon soils 
dry enough for potatoes, and as their experience 
extends over the last six or eight years, and they 
have had tolerable success, there can be no doubt 
that with this variety, upland cultivation is prac¬ 
ticable if not profitable. 
Sod 'planting was the earliest method adopted 
for multiplying the plants, and is still followed. 
As this removes a portion of congenial soil with 
the roots firmly imbedded in it, it is the safest, and 
gives the new plantation the best start. The 
only objection to it is, the greater expense in 
slocking a new yard, and the trouble from the wild 
grasses taken up with the vines. These grasses 
are best kept under, by covering them with sand 
and gravel. After the vines get the start, llu v 
will smother the grass, and take care of them¬ 
selves. Another method is to divide up the sod. 
and separate each vine from the grass, and plant 
them in hills of a half dozen or more. This in¬ 
volves more labor in the planting, but has the ad¬ 
vantage of killing the grass at the outset. 
Cutting planting is pursued by other cultiva¬ 
tors, and is an economical mode of stocking a 
new yard. The vines are cut up into pieces five 
or six inches long, and the middle of'each piece 
is inserted in the soil, and the two ends are left 
to grow. As the vine is very tenacious of life, it 
readily t^es root and spreads. Sometimes the 
slips are cut shorter, and one end is planted with 
a dibble. Both these are popular methods, where 
there is a small stock of vines. The distance at 
which vines are planted, differs somewhat accord¬ 
ing to the circumstances of cultivators. The 
distance preferred on Cape Cod, is eighteen inch¬ 
es, but they are frequently planted three and four 
feet apart. As a rule, the nearer they are planted, 
the sooner they will forma complete mat over 
the ground, and yield a full crop. 
Broadcast planting is adopted where the sur¬ 
face is completely cleared of hogs and roots, and 
the soil made of very fine tilth, and where the 
vines are plenty. They are run through a com¬ 
mon hay cutter, making slips an inch or two long. 
These slips are either sown broadcast and har¬ 
rowed in, or are planted in drills. These cuttings 
take root from the base of the leaves, and will 
soon present the appearahee of young healthy 
vines. 
Planting the seed .—This mode of propagation 
has been frequently tried, but not with very en¬ 
couraging success. The fruit is taken after it is 
decayed, or mashed for the purpose, and is sown 
either in drills or broadcast, and barely covered 
with the soil. The young plants are feeble, and 
of slow growth compared with the cuttings, and 
are much more liable to be overcome with the 
grasses and weeds. Those who have had most 
experience in the business, do not recommend 
the sowing of the seed. 
Treatment of young vines. —-Though the cran¬ 
berry does not require that amount of cultivation 
which many other varieties of fruit need, it is 
greatly benefited by tillage for the first two or 
three years. This is especially the ease with 
the variety grown upon upland. Those who weed 
and hoe their vines, find that they grow much 
faster, and come sooner into bearing. The stir¬ 
ring of the surface of the soil, makes it more po 
rous and accessible to the moisture of the at 
mosphere. It is true that plants often succeed 
when planted in the midst of swamp grasses, and 
overpower all rivals. But it is only after a long 
struggle. The office of the cultivator should he, 
to aid in this struggle, and to bring the plantation 
in the shortest time to the point where it will be 
profitable. 
Enemies. —The cranberry, like most other fruits, 
has its enemies and drawbacks, and from the 
great fluctuation in the price, ranging from a dol¬ 
lar and a half a bushel, in years of plenty, to six 
dollars in years of scarcity, we may safely judge 
that it has its full share. The vine worm, one 
of the most fatal of these enemies, is about an 
eighth of an inch long, and carries on its work of 
destruction so furtively, that it is seldom seen 
until the attention is attracted by the dying vines, 
It begins its attacks at the base of the present 
